IVY TECH APHY 101 Midterm Questions and
Answers | Latest Complete Study Pack with
Correct Solutions | A+ Verified
• Anatomy -✓✓examines the structures of body parts
• Physiology -✓✓examines the functions of body parts, what they do and how they
do it
• Levels of organization -✓✓Subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
• Metabolism -✓✓all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
• homeostasis -✓✓The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment
• homeostatic mechanisms -✓✓receptors, control center, effectors
• receptor -✓✓provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the
internal environment
• control center -✓✓set point; a particular value, such as body temperature at 37°C
(Celsius) or 98.6°F (Fahrenheit)
• effector -✓✓cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment
,• negative feedback -✓✓If the receptors measure deviations from the set point,
effectors are activated that can return conditions toward normal. As this happens,
the deviation from the set point progressively lessens, and the effectors gradually
shut down.
• cranial cavity -✓✓houses the brain
• spinal cavity -✓✓houses the spinal cord
• thoracic cavity -✓✓contains the lungs and heart
• abdominal cavity -✓✓contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys,
and the small and large intestines.
• pelvic cavity -✓✓contains the terminal end of the large intestine, the urinary
bladder, and the internal reproductive organs.
• serous membranes -✓✓line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
and fold back to cover the organs within these cavities. These membranes secrete a
slippery serous fluid that separates the layer lining the wall of the cavity (parietal
layer) from the layer covering the organ (visceral layer).
• Aging at a cellular level -✓✓Cells mark time too, many approaching the end of a
limited number of predetermined cell divisions as their chromosome tips whittle
down. Such cells reaching the end of their division days may enlarge or die. Some
cells may be unable to build the apparatus that pulls apart replicated chromosomes
in a cell on the verge of division. Impaired cell division slows wound healing, yet
at the same time, the inappropriate cell division that underlies cancer becomes
more likely. Certain subcellular functions lose efficiency, including repair of DNA
, damage and transport of substances into and out of cells. Aging cells are less
efficient at extracting energy from nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged
cell parts.
• anatomical position -✓✓Body facing forward, feet are parallel to each other,
arms are at he sides with the palms facing forward
• Proximal -✓✓Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk
• distal -✓✓Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body
part
• medial -✓✓Closer to the midline of the body
• lateral -✓✓Away from the midline of the body
• superior -✓✓Higher on the body, nearer to the head
• inferior -✓✓Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or
the body; below.
• anterior -✓✓Front of body/ body structure
• posterior -✓✓Nearer to or at the back of the body
Answers | Latest Complete Study Pack with
Correct Solutions | A+ Verified
• Anatomy -✓✓examines the structures of body parts
• Physiology -✓✓examines the functions of body parts, what they do and how they
do it
• Levels of organization -✓✓Subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
• Metabolism -✓✓all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
• homeostasis -✓✓The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment
• homeostatic mechanisms -✓✓receptors, control center, effectors
• receptor -✓✓provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the
internal environment
• control center -✓✓set point; a particular value, such as body temperature at 37°C
(Celsius) or 98.6°F (Fahrenheit)
• effector -✓✓cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment
,• negative feedback -✓✓If the receptors measure deviations from the set point,
effectors are activated that can return conditions toward normal. As this happens,
the deviation from the set point progressively lessens, and the effectors gradually
shut down.
• cranial cavity -✓✓houses the brain
• spinal cavity -✓✓houses the spinal cord
• thoracic cavity -✓✓contains the lungs and heart
• abdominal cavity -✓✓contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys,
and the small and large intestines.
• pelvic cavity -✓✓contains the terminal end of the large intestine, the urinary
bladder, and the internal reproductive organs.
• serous membranes -✓✓line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
and fold back to cover the organs within these cavities. These membranes secrete a
slippery serous fluid that separates the layer lining the wall of the cavity (parietal
layer) from the layer covering the organ (visceral layer).
• Aging at a cellular level -✓✓Cells mark time too, many approaching the end of a
limited number of predetermined cell divisions as their chromosome tips whittle
down. Such cells reaching the end of their division days may enlarge or die. Some
cells may be unable to build the apparatus that pulls apart replicated chromosomes
in a cell on the verge of division. Impaired cell division slows wound healing, yet
at the same time, the inappropriate cell division that underlies cancer becomes
more likely. Certain subcellular functions lose efficiency, including repair of DNA
, damage and transport of substances into and out of cells. Aging cells are less
efficient at extracting energy from nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged
cell parts.
• anatomical position -✓✓Body facing forward, feet are parallel to each other,
arms are at he sides with the palms facing forward
• Proximal -✓✓Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk
• distal -✓✓Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body
part
• medial -✓✓Closer to the midline of the body
• lateral -✓✓Away from the midline of the body
• superior -✓✓Higher on the body, nearer to the head
• inferior -✓✓Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or
the body; below.
• anterior -✓✓Front of body/ body structure
• posterior -✓✓Nearer to or at the back of the body
