Pathophysiology (2025 Test Bank) | Actual Exam
Questions and Correct Answers | Graded A+ | Verified
Answers
Which of the following relate to a change in cell size? Select all that apply.
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
E. Hypertrophy
C and E
An echocardiogram reveals Charles, an ultramarathon runner, has an enlarged left ventricle. As
this increase in ventricle size is supported by increased blood flow and ATP production due to
the training Charles has undertaken this increase in heart size demonstrates _______________.
A. Physiological hyperplasia
B. Pathological hypertrophy
C. Physiological hypertrophy
D. Benign neoplasia
E. Pathological metaplasia
C. Physiological hypertrophy
A friend comes to you concerned, as her recent Pap tests revealed the presence of cervical
dysplasia. Which of the following response to your friend's comment is correct?
A. Dysplasia is basically the same as cancer
B. Dysplasia indicates a change in the cellular appearance
C. Dysplasia indicates cancer cells have metastasized
D. Dysplasia indicates a benign form of cancerous growth
E. Dysplasia indicates one cell type has been replaced by another cell type
B. Dysplasia indicates a change in the cellular appearance
Cell injury occurs when cells are exposed to severe stress that no longer allows them to
maintain homeostasis. What basic changes occur as a result of cell injury? Select all that apply.
A. Inadequate oxygen diffusion at the alveoli
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,B. Increase in mitochondria number
C. Cellular swelling
D. Defects in protein synthesis
E. Dysfunction of the sodium-potassium pump
C. Cellular swelling, D. Defects in protein synthesis, & E. Dysfunction in the sodium potassium
pump
Which of the following are examples of necrosis? Select all that apply.
A. Cellular turnover at the surface of the skin
B. Third-degree burn
C. Changes in ovarian cells during menopause
D. Myocardial cell damage caused by myocardial infarction
E. Cell death caused by exposure to snake venom
B. Third-degree burn, D. Myocardial cell damage caused by myocardial infarction, & E. Cell death
caused by exposure to snake venom
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Where does translation take place?
Cytoplasm
At the end of mitosis how many chromosomes are there?
A. 23
B. 46
C. 52
D. 21
B. 46
Which statement is true for meiosis?
A. Meiosis occurs from the splitting of haploid cells
B. Meiosis creates 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes
C. Meiosis creates somatic cells
D. Meiosis creates gametes
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, D. Meiosis creates gametes
What is this an example of: Blonde hair, blue eyes, pale skin, short stature, etc.
Phenotype
What is this an example of: Sickle cell disease, Down's Syndrome
Genotype
Which statement is true about x-linked recessive
A. The trait is seen more in females
B. The father always gives the trait to the son
C. Females cannot carry the trait
D. The gene is passed from affected fathers to all daughters
D. The gene is passed from affected fathers to all daughters
What is etiology?
Original cause of a cellular alteration or disease
What is histology?
Microscopic study of tissues and cells
What are pathognomonic changes?
Unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes
Atrophy:
ADAPTATION in which cells revert to a smaller size as a result of their changing metabolic
requirements or environment
Hypertrophy:
Increase in individual cell size that results in enlargement of functioning tissue mass --> greater
metabolic demand and energy needs
What is an example of physiological hypertrophy?
Increased muscle mass due to exercise; muscle is adequately supplied with blood due to
angiogenesis
What is pathological hypertrophy?
3|Page
Questions and Correct Answers | Graded A+ | Verified
Answers
Which of the following relate to a change in cell size? Select all that apply.
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
E. Hypertrophy
C and E
An echocardiogram reveals Charles, an ultramarathon runner, has an enlarged left ventricle. As
this increase in ventricle size is supported by increased blood flow and ATP production due to
the training Charles has undertaken this increase in heart size demonstrates _______________.
A. Physiological hyperplasia
B. Pathological hypertrophy
C. Physiological hypertrophy
D. Benign neoplasia
E. Pathological metaplasia
C. Physiological hypertrophy
A friend comes to you concerned, as her recent Pap tests revealed the presence of cervical
dysplasia. Which of the following response to your friend's comment is correct?
A. Dysplasia is basically the same as cancer
B. Dysplasia indicates a change in the cellular appearance
C. Dysplasia indicates cancer cells have metastasized
D. Dysplasia indicates a benign form of cancerous growth
E. Dysplasia indicates one cell type has been replaced by another cell type
B. Dysplasia indicates a change in the cellular appearance
Cell injury occurs when cells are exposed to severe stress that no longer allows them to
maintain homeostasis. What basic changes occur as a result of cell injury? Select all that apply.
A. Inadequate oxygen diffusion at the alveoli
1|Page
,B. Increase in mitochondria number
C. Cellular swelling
D. Defects in protein synthesis
E. Dysfunction of the sodium-potassium pump
C. Cellular swelling, D. Defects in protein synthesis, & E. Dysfunction in the sodium potassium
pump
Which of the following are examples of necrosis? Select all that apply.
A. Cellular turnover at the surface of the skin
B. Third-degree burn
C. Changes in ovarian cells during menopause
D. Myocardial cell damage caused by myocardial infarction
E. Cell death caused by exposure to snake venom
B. Third-degree burn, D. Myocardial cell damage caused by myocardial infarction, & E. Cell death
caused by exposure to snake venom
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Where does translation take place?
Cytoplasm
At the end of mitosis how many chromosomes are there?
A. 23
B. 46
C. 52
D. 21
B. 46
Which statement is true for meiosis?
A. Meiosis occurs from the splitting of haploid cells
B. Meiosis creates 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes
C. Meiosis creates somatic cells
D. Meiosis creates gametes
2|Page
, D. Meiosis creates gametes
What is this an example of: Blonde hair, blue eyes, pale skin, short stature, etc.
Phenotype
What is this an example of: Sickle cell disease, Down's Syndrome
Genotype
Which statement is true about x-linked recessive
A. The trait is seen more in females
B. The father always gives the trait to the son
C. Females cannot carry the trait
D. The gene is passed from affected fathers to all daughters
D. The gene is passed from affected fathers to all daughters
What is etiology?
Original cause of a cellular alteration or disease
What is histology?
Microscopic study of tissues and cells
What are pathognomonic changes?
Unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes
Atrophy:
ADAPTATION in which cells revert to a smaller size as a result of their changing metabolic
requirements or environment
Hypertrophy:
Increase in individual cell size that results in enlargement of functioning tissue mass --> greater
metabolic demand and energy needs
What is an example of physiological hypertrophy?
Increased muscle mass due to exercise; muscle is adequately supplied with blood due to
angiogenesis
What is pathological hypertrophy?
3|Page
