,1. What are the three types of salivary glands and where are they located in
the mouth?
A. Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands located in the roof of the
mouth, cheeks, and under the jawbone, respectively.
B. Parotid glands in the cheeks; submandibular glands under the jawbone;
sublingual glands under the tongue.
C. Sublingual glands in the roof of the mouth; parotid glands under the
jawbone; submandibular glands in the cheeks.
D. Submandibular glands in the roof of the mouth; sublingual glands in the
cheeks; parotid glands under the jawbone.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: The three salivary glands are the parotid, sublingual, and
submandibular. In this item, the parotid glands are noted at the roof of the
mouth near the ear, the sublingual glands in the cheek area, and the
submandibular glands beneath the jawbone—key for saliva production and oral
health.
2. Which of the following substances is excreted by the kidneys to regulate
blood pressure?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Renin
D. Erythropoietin
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Renin, released by the juxtaglomerular cells, catalyzes
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, initiating a cascade that increases blood
pressure.
3. What is the chemical formula for water?
A. H₂O₂
B. H₂O
C. HO₂
D. OH₂
, Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Water consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one
oxygen atom, giving the formula H₂O.
4. Which of the following units is used to indicate length?
A. Kilogram
B. Lumen
C. Meter
D. Second
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: The meter is the SI base unit for length, used worldwide in
clinical measurements and scientific contexts.
5. A researcher collects data on the number of cars passing through a busy
intersection at different times of the day for a month. This data would be
most useful to analyze which of the following:
A. Traffic patterns during rush hour
B. Vehicle maintenance needs
C. Weather impact on driving
D. Road surface deterioration
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Counting cars at various times reveals fluctuations in traffic
flow, especially during peak (“rush”) hours.
6. What is the largest organ in the human body by surface area?
A. Liver
B. Skin
C. Lung
D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: The skin covers the entire external surface and functions in
protection, temperature regulation, and sensation.
7. Which of the following describes the function of ligaments?
A. Connect muscle to bone
B. Attach two bones
C. Store calcium
, D. Line joint cavities
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Ligaments are fibrous bands that stabilize joints by
connecting one bone to another.
8. What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
A. Innate is specific; adaptive is nonspecific
B. Innate develops after exposure; adaptive is present at birth
C. Innate is present at birth; adaptive is acquired after exposure
D. Innate uses antibodies; adaptive uses phagocytes
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Innate immunity provides immediate, nonspecific defense
from birth; adaptive immunity develops targeted responses after pathogen
exposure.
9. Which of the following is responsible for carrying amino acids to
ribosomes during protein synthesis?
A. mRNA
B. rRNA
C. miRNA
D. tRNA
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports specific amino acids to
the ribosome, matching codons on mRNA for peptide assembly.
10. What are the steps involved in the scientific method?
A. Question, research, write, submit
B. Observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, analysis, conclusion
C. Data collection, publication, peer review
D. Brainstorming, testing, marketing
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: The scientific method follows a logical sequence from
observing phenomena through testing and concluding to validate hypotheses.
11. What is the difference between a solid and a liquid?
A. Solids flow; liquids hold shape
B. Solids have a definite shape and volume; liquids have definite volume but no
the mouth?
A. Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands located in the roof of the
mouth, cheeks, and under the jawbone, respectively.
B. Parotid glands in the cheeks; submandibular glands under the jawbone;
sublingual glands under the tongue.
C. Sublingual glands in the roof of the mouth; parotid glands under the
jawbone; submandibular glands in the cheeks.
D. Submandibular glands in the roof of the mouth; sublingual glands in the
cheeks; parotid glands under the jawbone.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: The three salivary glands are the parotid, sublingual, and
submandibular. In this item, the parotid glands are noted at the roof of the
mouth near the ear, the sublingual glands in the cheek area, and the
submandibular glands beneath the jawbone—key for saliva production and oral
health.
2. Which of the following substances is excreted by the kidneys to regulate
blood pressure?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Renin
D. Erythropoietin
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Renin, released by the juxtaglomerular cells, catalyzes
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, initiating a cascade that increases blood
pressure.
3. What is the chemical formula for water?
A. H₂O₂
B. H₂O
C. HO₂
D. OH₂
, Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Water consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one
oxygen atom, giving the formula H₂O.
4. Which of the following units is used to indicate length?
A. Kilogram
B. Lumen
C. Meter
D. Second
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: The meter is the SI base unit for length, used worldwide in
clinical measurements and scientific contexts.
5. A researcher collects data on the number of cars passing through a busy
intersection at different times of the day for a month. This data would be
most useful to analyze which of the following:
A. Traffic patterns during rush hour
B. Vehicle maintenance needs
C. Weather impact on driving
D. Road surface deterioration
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Counting cars at various times reveals fluctuations in traffic
flow, especially during peak (“rush”) hours.
6. What is the largest organ in the human body by surface area?
A. Liver
B. Skin
C. Lung
D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: The skin covers the entire external surface and functions in
protection, temperature regulation, and sensation.
7. Which of the following describes the function of ligaments?
A. Connect muscle to bone
B. Attach two bones
C. Store calcium
, D. Line joint cavities
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Ligaments are fibrous bands that stabilize joints by
connecting one bone to another.
8. What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
A. Innate is specific; adaptive is nonspecific
B. Innate develops after exposure; adaptive is present at birth
C. Innate is present at birth; adaptive is acquired after exposure
D. Innate uses antibodies; adaptive uses phagocytes
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: Innate immunity provides immediate, nonspecific defense
from birth; adaptive immunity develops targeted responses after pathogen
exposure.
9. Which of the following is responsible for carrying amino acids to
ribosomes during protein synthesis?
A. mRNA
B. rRNA
C. miRNA
D. tRNA
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports specific amino acids to
the ribosome, matching codons on mRNA for peptide assembly.
10. What are the steps involved in the scientific method?
A. Question, research, write, submit
B. Observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, analysis, conclusion
C. Data collection, publication, peer review
D. Brainstorming, testing, marketing
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: The scientific method follows a logical sequence from
observing phenomena through testing and concluding to validate hypotheses.
11. What is the difference between a solid and a liquid?
A. Solids flow; liquids hold shape
B. Solids have a definite shape and volume; liquids have definite volume but no
