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ISSA FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026 ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |ALREADY A
GRADED | NEW AND REVISED
1. The primary energy system used during a 10-second maximal
sprint is:
A. Aerobic system
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
C. ATP-PC (phosphagen) system
D. Glycolytic system
Rationale: Short-duration, high-intensity efforts rely mainly on ATP-PC.
2. The main function of skeletal muscle is to:
A. Produce hormones only
B. Store calcium
C. Generate force and produce movement
D. Filter blood
Rationale: Skeletal muscle enables movement via contraction.
3. Which muscle fiber type is most fatigue-resistant?
A. Type IIx
B. Type IIb
C. Type I (slow-twitch)
D. Type IIa
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Rationale: Type I fibers rely heavily on aerobic metabolism.
4. A client’s one-repetition maximum (1RM) is primarily used to
assess:
A. Flexibility
B. Endurance
C. Maximal strength
D. Balance
Rationale: 1RM measures maximal force production.
5. The FITT principle stands for:
A. Force, intensity, time, tension
B. Frequency, interval, time, training
C. Frequency, intensity, time, type
D. Flexibility, intensity, technique, timing
Rationale: FITT is a core programming model.
6. Which joint movement decreases the angle between bones?
A. Extension
B. Rotation
C. Flexion
D. Abduction
Rationale: Flexion reduces joint angle.
7. The prime mover in elbow flexion is the:
A. Triceps brachii
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B. Deltoid
C. Biceps brachii
D. Latissimus dorsi
Rationale: Biceps brachii flexes the elbow.
8. The cardiovascular system’s primary role during exercise is to:
A. Store energy
B. Produce hormones
C. Deliver oxygen and nutrients to working tissues
D. Create muscle fibers
Rationale: Blood transports oxygen and nutrients.
9. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) refers to:
A. Oxygen shortage during sleep
B. Increased oxygen consumption after exercise
C. Oxygen toxicity
D. Heart failure response
Rationale: EPOC restores homeostasis post-exercise.
10. Which macronutrient is the body’s preferred energy source
during moderate exercise?
A. Protein
B. Fat only
C. Carbohydrates
D. Alcohol
Rationale: Carbohydrates are primary fuel.
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11. Hypertrophy training primarily aims to:
A. Improve flexibility
B. Reduce heart rate
C. Increase muscle size
D. Improve bone density only
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases muscle fiber size.
12. Which hormone is primarily responsible for muscle growth?
A. Cortisol
B. Insulin
C. Testosterone
D. Adrenaline
Rationale: Testosterone supports protein synthesis.
13. A warm-up should primarily:
A. Exhaust the client
B. Replace training
C. Prepare the body for exercise
D. Eliminate hydration needs
Rationale: Warm-ups increase readiness.
14. The principle of progressive overload means:
A. Training the same intensity forever
B. Reducing workload continuously
C. Gradually increasing training stress over time
D. Avoiding adaptation
ISSA FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026 ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |ALREADY A
GRADED | NEW AND REVISED
1. The primary energy system used during a 10-second maximal
sprint is:
A. Aerobic system
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
C. ATP-PC (phosphagen) system
D. Glycolytic system
Rationale: Short-duration, high-intensity efforts rely mainly on ATP-PC.
2. The main function of skeletal muscle is to:
A. Produce hormones only
B. Store calcium
C. Generate force and produce movement
D. Filter blood
Rationale: Skeletal muscle enables movement via contraction.
3. Which muscle fiber type is most fatigue-resistant?
A. Type IIx
B. Type IIb
C. Type I (slow-twitch)
D. Type IIa
,2|Page
Rationale: Type I fibers rely heavily on aerobic metabolism.
4. A client’s one-repetition maximum (1RM) is primarily used to
assess:
A. Flexibility
B. Endurance
C. Maximal strength
D. Balance
Rationale: 1RM measures maximal force production.
5. The FITT principle stands for:
A. Force, intensity, time, tension
B. Frequency, interval, time, training
C. Frequency, intensity, time, type
D. Flexibility, intensity, technique, timing
Rationale: FITT is a core programming model.
6. Which joint movement decreases the angle between bones?
A. Extension
B. Rotation
C. Flexion
D. Abduction
Rationale: Flexion reduces joint angle.
7. The prime mover in elbow flexion is the:
A. Triceps brachii
,3|Page
B. Deltoid
C. Biceps brachii
D. Latissimus dorsi
Rationale: Biceps brachii flexes the elbow.
8. The cardiovascular system’s primary role during exercise is to:
A. Store energy
B. Produce hormones
C. Deliver oxygen and nutrients to working tissues
D. Create muscle fibers
Rationale: Blood transports oxygen and nutrients.
9. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) refers to:
A. Oxygen shortage during sleep
B. Increased oxygen consumption after exercise
C. Oxygen toxicity
D. Heart failure response
Rationale: EPOC restores homeostasis post-exercise.
10. Which macronutrient is the body’s preferred energy source
during moderate exercise?
A. Protein
B. Fat only
C. Carbohydrates
D. Alcohol
Rationale: Carbohydrates are primary fuel.
, 4|Page
11. Hypertrophy training primarily aims to:
A. Improve flexibility
B. Reduce heart rate
C. Increase muscle size
D. Improve bone density only
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases muscle fiber size.
12. Which hormone is primarily responsible for muscle growth?
A. Cortisol
B. Insulin
C. Testosterone
D. Adrenaline
Rationale: Testosterone supports protein synthesis.
13. A warm-up should primarily:
A. Exhaust the client
B. Replace training
C. Prepare the body for exercise
D. Eliminate hydration needs
Rationale: Warm-ups increase readiness.
14. The principle of progressive overload means:
A. Training the same intensity forever
B. Reducing workload continuously
C. Gradually increasing training stress over time
D. Avoiding adaptation
