APHY 101 IVY TECH COMMUNITY
COLLEGE REVIEW SHEET 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ What are the levels of organization? Answer: subatomic particles,
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ
system, organism
◉ What are the requirements of life? Answer: Water, food, oxygen,
heat, pressure
◉ What are the characteristics of life? Answer: Movement (internal or
gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth
(increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new
organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2);
Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances
through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body
fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different
forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
◉ Define homeostasis Answer: Body's maintenance of a stable
environment
◉ What is a homeostatic mechanism? Answer: the body maintains
homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems;
,examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive
receptors to regulate body pressure
◉ Define matter Answer: Anything that takes up space and has mass
(weight). It is composed of elements.
◉ Define element Answer: fundamental substance composed of
chemically identical atoms
◉ Define atoms Answer: smallest particle of an element; basic unit of
matter
◉ What is the structure of an atom? Answer: An atom consists of a
nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
◉ Atomic nucleus Answer: the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
◉ Proton Answer: subatomic particle that has a positive charge
◉ Neutron Answer: subatomic particle that has no charge
◉ Electron Answer: subatomic particle that has a negative charge
,◉ Atomic number Answer: number or protons in nucleus
◉ Atomic mass Answer: number of protons plus number of neutrons
◉ What are covalent bonds? Answer: Covalent bonds are formed when
atoms share electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
◉ What are ionic bonds? Answer: 2 oppositely charged atoms form this
bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
◉ What are hydrogen bonds? Answer: Weak attraction between positive
end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule;
formed between water molecules
◉ Define ion Answer: When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become
ions.
◉ Define synthesis reaction Answer: Two or more atoms or molecules
are joined together
◉ Define decomposition reaction Answer: Larger molecules are broken
down into smaller ones
◉ Define exchange reaction Answer: Parts of molecules trade places
, ◉ Define reactant Answer: The starting materials of the reaction - the
atoms, ions, or molecules
◉ Define product Answer: Substances formed at the end of the chemical
reaction
◉ Define catalyst Answer: influence the rates of chemical reactions
◉ What is an acid? Answer: Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in
water
◉ What is a base? Answer: Electrolytes that release ions that combine
with hydrogen ions in water
◉ What is a salt? Answer: Acids and bases that react to form water and
electrolytes
◉ What is a pH scale? Answer: represents the concentration of hydrogen
ions [H+] in solution
◉ Neutral solution Answer: pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
COLLEGE REVIEW SHEET 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ What are the levels of organization? Answer: subatomic particles,
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ
system, organism
◉ What are the requirements of life? Answer: Water, food, oxygen,
heat, pressure
◉ What are the characteristics of life? Answer: Movement (internal or
gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth
(increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new
organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2);
Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances
through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body
fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different
forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
◉ Define homeostasis Answer: Body's maintenance of a stable
environment
◉ What is a homeostatic mechanism? Answer: the body maintains
homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems;
,examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive
receptors to regulate body pressure
◉ Define matter Answer: Anything that takes up space and has mass
(weight). It is composed of elements.
◉ Define element Answer: fundamental substance composed of
chemically identical atoms
◉ Define atoms Answer: smallest particle of an element; basic unit of
matter
◉ What is the structure of an atom? Answer: An atom consists of a
nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
◉ Atomic nucleus Answer: the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
◉ Proton Answer: subatomic particle that has a positive charge
◉ Neutron Answer: subatomic particle that has no charge
◉ Electron Answer: subatomic particle that has a negative charge
,◉ Atomic number Answer: number or protons in nucleus
◉ Atomic mass Answer: number of protons plus number of neutrons
◉ What are covalent bonds? Answer: Covalent bonds are formed when
atoms share electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
◉ What are ionic bonds? Answer: 2 oppositely charged atoms form this
bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
◉ What are hydrogen bonds? Answer: Weak attraction between positive
end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule;
formed between water molecules
◉ Define ion Answer: When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become
ions.
◉ Define synthesis reaction Answer: Two or more atoms or molecules
are joined together
◉ Define decomposition reaction Answer: Larger molecules are broken
down into smaller ones
◉ Define exchange reaction Answer: Parts of molecules trade places
, ◉ Define reactant Answer: The starting materials of the reaction - the
atoms, ions, or molecules
◉ Define product Answer: Substances formed at the end of the chemical
reaction
◉ Define catalyst Answer: influence the rates of chemical reactions
◉ What is an acid? Answer: Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in
water
◉ What is a base? Answer: Electrolytes that release ions that combine
with hydrogen ions in water
◉ What is a salt? Answer: Acids and bases that react to form water and
electrolytes
◉ What is a pH scale? Answer: represents the concentration of hydrogen
ions [H+] in solution
◉ Neutral solution Answer: pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
