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,What should the PMHNP consider when prescribing chemical restraints? - correct ans:-allergy status
-prior med hx for adverse drug reactions r/t the meds ordered in the chemical restraint
-state regulations regarding chemical restrains must be reviewed
Are the PMHNP and other staff liable if the client has an allergic reaction or adverse side effects to the
drugs used for chemical restraint? - correct ans:No.
The client has been court-ordered to take the prescribed medications and the standing order for
chemical restraints is approved. The PMHNP and other staff are not liable if the patient has an allergic
reaction or adverse side effects.
How does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP in selecting medication for
clients? - correct ans:-Genetic testing can assist by providing more information on how clients may
respond to certain psychotropic medications
-provides information on how a client may break down and metabolize medications based on the
cytochrome P450 system.
Tanrıkulu and Erbaş (2020) investigated identical twins to determine the presence of an inherited link
for schizophrenia and why one twin may develop schizophrenia when the other does not. When two
people have 100% identical DNA, why don't both persons develop the exact illnesses? Studies of
identical Danish twins found that if one twin had schizophrenia, the other twin had a 50% lifetime risk of
developing schizophrenia (Lemvigh et al., 2020). Why is there only half the risk? - correct ans:Both
environmental and psychosocial stressors can impact mental health. Although twins may have identical
genes, their gene expression may be different.
There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should have been "off" for one
twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other.
central sulcus - correct ans:separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
frontal lobe - correct ans:associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking
broca's area - correct ans:speech production
,temporal lobe - correct ans:involves object identification and auditory signals
cerebellum - correct ans:coordination
wernicke's area - correct ans:speech comprehension
occipital lobe - correct ans:primary visual area
parietal lobe - correct ans:keeps us alert to what is going on around us
sensory cortex - correct ans:pain, heat, and other sensations
motor cortex - correct ans:movement
hippocampus - correct ans:involved in both memory and anxiety
nucleus accumbens - correct ans:involved in the reward process
thalamus - correct ans:involved in sensory organ and motor command processing
striatum - correct ans:involved in complex motor actions, also links cognition to motor actions
limbic system - correct ans:includes circuits that are associated with pleasure and reward
basal ganglia - correct ans:group of structures involved in voluntary motor movements
amygdala - correct ans:involved in emotional regulation and perception of odors
, corpus callosum - correct ans:controls the communication between the two brain hemispheres
white matter - correct ans:contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from different regions into
functional circuits
grey matter - correct ans:contains nerve cells and dendrites
brain tissue - correct ans:made up of grey matter and white matter
dorsal striatum - correct ans:involved in complex motor actions and linkage of cognition to motor
actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain how gene expression is: - correct
ans:influenced by environmental factors and how epigenetics contributes to the manifestation of
mental illness
How does epigenetics impact a person's mental health? - correct ans:internal or external factors
activate portions of the genome that result in the manifestation of mental health symptoms
-activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when combined with the genetic risk, results in
the disease
-genes being on or off
-occurrence of symptoms may be the result of inheritance of an abnormal gene or of normal genes
being "on" when they should be "off."
Types of epigenetic changes: - correct ans:DNA Methylation
Histone modification
Non-coding RNA
The potential legal and ethical issues impacting mental health treatment must also be taken into
account, including: - correct ans:-informed consent