Integumentary System
1. Label a diagram (cross of the skin): 3 layers
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis-dense irregular connective tissue, supplies epi with oxygen
and nutrients; blood vessels(in dendric cell surrounds ink tattoo)
3. Hypodermis-deepest layer of skin, shock absorption, adipose
tissue
2. Hair/Nails/Glands (accessory organs)
1. Diagram (hair)
2. Diagram (nail)
3. Layers of the epidermis five layers Corneum-outermost layer of dead
keratinized cells, Lucidum-only in thick skin(palms/soles) providing extra
protection, Granulosum-keratinization begins and cells start to die,
Spinosum-”spiny layer”reinforced by desmosomes for strength, and
Basale-basse layer where new cells form contains melanocytes and merkel
cells.
4. Apocrine glands-These sweat glands are mainly found in the armpits and
groin. They start working around puberty and release sweat into hair follicles.
Since the sweat can be broken down by bacteria, it often causes body odor. A
good way to study them is to compare them with merocrine glands (the
regular sweat glands all over your body that help with cooling) so you don’t
mix them up.
5. Merocrine glands- (eccrine sweat gland)mostly in palms and soles, primarily
for thermoregulation
6. Ceruminous glands(ear wax)
, Tissue Types:
1. Cellular Junctions-areas of the plasma membrane that attaches a cell to
another cell
1. Tight- Tight junctions seal cells together to prevent leakage
2. Desmosomes- act like “spot welds” for strength
3. Gap junctions-.channels that allow cells to communicate and small
materials to move between them;
2. Epithelial Tissue(Tissue types):or epithelium is found on anatomical surfaces.
Epithelial membranes are avascular and depend on the blood supply in the
underlying connective tissue for oxygen and nutrients.
3. simple epithelium-single layer, columnar cells, small intestine
4. stratified epithelia-two or more layers, in esophagus, multiple layers
5. Squamous-cells are flattened, facilitate the diffusion of materials, located in
alveoli of lungs, inner lining of blood vessels
6. Cuboidal-cells are boxlike, as tall as wide, adapted for absorption or secretion of
materials, located in kidney tubules
7. Columnar-cells are taller than wide, also adapted for secretion or absorption of
materials, located lining of stomach and small intestines
8. Pseudostratified- appears stratified but it is simple; "pseudo" means false giving
appearance of multiple layers, located in respiratory system
9. Muscular Tissue-skeletal(striated,multi nucleated)Smooth(non striated,
spindleshaped, uninucleated,involuntary, GI tract)Cardiac muscle(striated,
branched and uninucleated, involuntary; heart)
10.Connective Tissue
1. Different types of cartilage-hyaline(smooth and flexible found in
nose & joint ends, elastic(contains abundant elastic fibers,provides
strong and stretchy support like in external ear and epiglottis,
fibrocartilage(strongest type, dense collagen fibers, acts as shock
absorber in high stress, intervertebral discs & knee menisci
11.Characteristics of cell membrane
1. Plasma membrane
2. Phospholipid bilayer
Anatomical Position/Planes/Regions:
1. Anterior/Posterior View (all body regions)
2. Levels of organization
1. Cell:basic structural and functional units of all living all
things/Tissue:muscle tissue or nervous system/Organ:tissues
combine to form a structure;heart,lungs/Organ System:groups of
organs and tissue to perform major life process, digestive system
1. Label a diagram (cross of the skin): 3 layers
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis-dense irregular connective tissue, supplies epi with oxygen
and nutrients; blood vessels(in dendric cell surrounds ink tattoo)
3. Hypodermis-deepest layer of skin, shock absorption, adipose
tissue
2. Hair/Nails/Glands (accessory organs)
1. Diagram (hair)
2. Diagram (nail)
3. Layers of the epidermis five layers Corneum-outermost layer of dead
keratinized cells, Lucidum-only in thick skin(palms/soles) providing extra
protection, Granulosum-keratinization begins and cells start to die,
Spinosum-”spiny layer”reinforced by desmosomes for strength, and
Basale-basse layer where new cells form contains melanocytes and merkel
cells.
4. Apocrine glands-These sweat glands are mainly found in the armpits and
groin. They start working around puberty and release sweat into hair follicles.
Since the sweat can be broken down by bacteria, it often causes body odor. A
good way to study them is to compare them with merocrine glands (the
regular sweat glands all over your body that help with cooling) so you don’t
mix them up.
5. Merocrine glands- (eccrine sweat gland)mostly in palms and soles, primarily
for thermoregulation
6. Ceruminous glands(ear wax)
, Tissue Types:
1. Cellular Junctions-areas of the plasma membrane that attaches a cell to
another cell
1. Tight- Tight junctions seal cells together to prevent leakage
2. Desmosomes- act like “spot welds” for strength
3. Gap junctions-.channels that allow cells to communicate and small
materials to move between them;
2. Epithelial Tissue(Tissue types):or epithelium is found on anatomical surfaces.
Epithelial membranes are avascular and depend on the blood supply in the
underlying connective tissue for oxygen and nutrients.
3. simple epithelium-single layer, columnar cells, small intestine
4. stratified epithelia-two or more layers, in esophagus, multiple layers
5. Squamous-cells are flattened, facilitate the diffusion of materials, located in
alveoli of lungs, inner lining of blood vessels
6. Cuboidal-cells are boxlike, as tall as wide, adapted for absorption or secretion of
materials, located in kidney tubules
7. Columnar-cells are taller than wide, also adapted for secretion or absorption of
materials, located lining of stomach and small intestines
8. Pseudostratified- appears stratified but it is simple; "pseudo" means false giving
appearance of multiple layers, located in respiratory system
9. Muscular Tissue-skeletal(striated,multi nucleated)Smooth(non striated,
spindleshaped, uninucleated,involuntary, GI tract)Cardiac muscle(striated,
branched and uninucleated, involuntary; heart)
10.Connective Tissue
1. Different types of cartilage-hyaline(smooth and flexible found in
nose & joint ends, elastic(contains abundant elastic fibers,provides
strong and stretchy support like in external ear and epiglottis,
fibrocartilage(strongest type, dense collagen fibers, acts as shock
absorber in high stress, intervertebral discs & knee menisci
11.Characteristics of cell membrane
1. Plasma membrane
2. Phospholipid bilayer
Anatomical Position/Planes/Regions:
1. Anterior/Posterior View (all body regions)
2. Levels of organization
1. Cell:basic structural and functional units of all living all
things/Tissue:muscle tissue or nervous system/Organ:tissues
combine to form a structure;heart,lungs/Organ System:groups of
organs and tissue to perform major life process, digestive system
