NUR 1172/NUR1172 Exam 3 V1 |
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) through a central
line. Which of the following is the most critical intervention to prevent infection?
A. Changing the administration set every 24 hours.
B. Ensuring the solution is kept at room temperature for 12 hours before hanging.
C. Using clean technique during dressing changes.
D. Checking blood glucose levels every 8 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The administration set for TPN must be changed every 24 hours to
minimize the risk of bacterial growth in the high-glucose solution. Strict sterile technique is
required during dressing changes and line manipulation to prevent catheter-related
bloodstream infections. Because TPN is a rich medium for microorganisms, adhering to
these protocols is a nursing priority.
2. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who is not on dialysis needs to restrict which
of the following minerals to prevent complications?
A. Phosphorus
B. Calcium
,C. Iron
D. Vitamin C
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: In patients with CKD, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete
phosphorus, leading to hyperphosphatemia. High levels of phosphorus can pull calcium
from the bones, making them weak and brittle. Therefore, limiting phosphorus-rich foods
like dairy and processed meats is essential for renal health.
3. When teaching a patient about the DASH diet for hypertension management, which food
choice indicates a correct understanding of the plan?
A. Fresh spinach salad with sliced strawberries
B. Canned soup with crackers
C. Fried chicken with mashed potatoes and gravy
D. Whole milk with chocolate cookies
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The DASH diet emphasizes a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and
low-fat dairy while significantly reducing sodium. Fresh spinach and strawberries provide
essential potassium and fiber without added salt. This dietary pattern is specifically
designed to lower blood pressure and improve heart health.
, 4. Which assessment finding in a patient receiving enteral tube feedings would require the
nurse to stop the infusion immediately?
A. A gastric residual volume of 50 mL
B. The patient experiencing three loose stools in 24 hours
C. A blood glucose reading of 130 mg/dL
D. Sudden onset of coughing and shortness of breath
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Sudden coughing and respiratory distress are signs of aspiration,
which is a life-threatening complication of tube feeding. The nurse must stop the feeding
immediately to prevent further fluid from entering the lungs. Following this, the nurse
should assess the patient’s airway and contact the healthcare provider.
5. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient newly diagnosed with Celiac
Disease. Which of the following grains should the patient be told to avoid?
A. Quinoa
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Corn
Correct Answer: C
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) through a central
line. Which of the following is the most critical intervention to prevent infection?
A. Changing the administration set every 24 hours.
B. Ensuring the solution is kept at room temperature for 12 hours before hanging.
C. Using clean technique during dressing changes.
D. Checking blood glucose levels every 8 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The administration set for TPN must be changed every 24 hours to
minimize the risk of bacterial growth in the high-glucose solution. Strict sterile technique is
required during dressing changes and line manipulation to prevent catheter-related
bloodstream infections. Because TPN is a rich medium for microorganisms, adhering to
these protocols is a nursing priority.
2. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who is not on dialysis needs to restrict which
of the following minerals to prevent complications?
A. Phosphorus
B. Calcium
,C. Iron
D. Vitamin C
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: In patients with CKD, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete
phosphorus, leading to hyperphosphatemia. High levels of phosphorus can pull calcium
from the bones, making them weak and brittle. Therefore, limiting phosphorus-rich foods
like dairy and processed meats is essential for renal health.
3. When teaching a patient about the DASH diet for hypertension management, which food
choice indicates a correct understanding of the plan?
A. Fresh spinach salad with sliced strawberries
B. Canned soup with crackers
C. Fried chicken with mashed potatoes and gravy
D. Whole milk with chocolate cookies
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The DASH diet emphasizes a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and
low-fat dairy while significantly reducing sodium. Fresh spinach and strawberries provide
essential potassium and fiber without added salt. This dietary pattern is specifically
designed to lower blood pressure and improve heart health.
, 4. Which assessment finding in a patient receiving enteral tube feedings would require the
nurse to stop the infusion immediately?
A. A gastric residual volume of 50 mL
B. The patient experiencing three loose stools in 24 hours
C. A blood glucose reading of 130 mg/dL
D. Sudden onset of coughing and shortness of breath
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Sudden coughing and respiratory distress are signs of aspiration,
which is a life-threatening complication of tube feeding. The nurse must stop the feeding
immediately to prevent further fluid from entering the lungs. Following this, the nurse
should assess the patient’s airway and contact the healthcare provider.
5. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient newly diagnosed with Celiac
Disease. Which of the following grains should the patient be told to avoid?
A. Quinoa
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Corn
Correct Answer: C
