NUR 1172/NUR1172 Exam 2 V3 |
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings through a
nasogastric tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
A. Maintain the head of the bed at 30 to 45 degrees.
B. Place the client in a supine position during feedings.
C. Flush the tube with 10 mL of water every 8 hours.
D. Administer the feeding as a rapid bolus.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Elevating the head of the bed to 30 to 45 degrees helps prevent the
reflux of gastric contents into the respiratory tract. This positioning should be maintained
during the feeding and for at least 30 to 60 minutes afterward. It is a critical nursing
intervention for patients with decreased gag reflexes or those receiving continuous gastric
infusions.
2. A patient is prescribed Warfarin (Coumadin) for anticoagulation. The nurse should instruct
the patient to maintain a consistent intake of which of the following?
A. Bananas and potatoes
B. Milk and dairy products
,C. Citrus fruits and juices
D. Green leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Green leafy vegetables are high in Vitamin K, which is the direct
antagonist to Warfarin. Fluctuations in Vitamin K intake can cause the medication’s
effectiveness to vary, potentially leading to clots or bleeding. Patients are advised to keep
their intake consistent rather than eliminating these healthy foods entirely.
3. Which of the following laboratory values is the best indicator of a client’s long-term
nutritional status regarding protein stores?
A. Prealbumin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Transferrin
D. Albumin
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Albumin has a half-life of about 20 days, making it a good indicator of
chronic or long-term nutritional status. Prealbumin is more useful for assessing acute
changes because its half-life is only 2 days. While albumin can be affected by hydration
status, it remains a standard marker for protein-energy malnutrition over time.
, 4. A nurse is teaching a client about the DASH diet to manage hypertension. Which of the
following food choices should the nurse recommend?
A. Fresh fruits and whole grains
B. Pickled vegetables and olives
C. Canned soup and crackers
D. Processed deli meats and cheese
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
emphasizes the intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. It specifically
focuses on reducing sodium intake while increasing minerals like potassium, calcium, and
magnesium. This combination has been clinically proven to lower blood pressure
effectively.
5. A client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is experiencing shakiness, sweating, and confusion.
Which of the following is the priority nutritional intervention?
A. Withhold all food until a blood glucose is drawn.
B. Give a high-protein snack like peanut butter.
C. Provide a large meal with complex carbohydrates.
D. Administer 15 grams of simple carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: D
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings through a
nasogastric tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
A. Maintain the head of the bed at 30 to 45 degrees.
B. Place the client in a supine position during feedings.
C. Flush the tube with 10 mL of water every 8 hours.
D. Administer the feeding as a rapid bolus.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Elevating the head of the bed to 30 to 45 degrees helps prevent the
reflux of gastric contents into the respiratory tract. This positioning should be maintained
during the feeding and for at least 30 to 60 minutes afterward. It is a critical nursing
intervention for patients with decreased gag reflexes or those receiving continuous gastric
infusions.
2. A patient is prescribed Warfarin (Coumadin) for anticoagulation. The nurse should instruct
the patient to maintain a consistent intake of which of the following?
A. Bananas and potatoes
B. Milk and dairy products
,C. Citrus fruits and juices
D. Green leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Green leafy vegetables are high in Vitamin K, which is the direct
antagonist to Warfarin. Fluctuations in Vitamin K intake can cause the medication’s
effectiveness to vary, potentially leading to clots or bleeding. Patients are advised to keep
their intake consistent rather than eliminating these healthy foods entirely.
3. Which of the following laboratory values is the best indicator of a client’s long-term
nutritional status regarding protein stores?
A. Prealbumin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Transferrin
D. Albumin
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Albumin has a half-life of about 20 days, making it a good indicator of
chronic or long-term nutritional status. Prealbumin is more useful for assessing acute
changes because its half-life is only 2 days. While albumin can be affected by hydration
status, it remains a standard marker for protein-energy malnutrition over time.
, 4. A nurse is teaching a client about the DASH diet to manage hypertension. Which of the
following food choices should the nurse recommend?
A. Fresh fruits and whole grains
B. Pickled vegetables and olives
C. Canned soup and crackers
D. Processed deli meats and cheese
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
emphasizes the intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. It specifically
focuses on reducing sodium intake while increasing minerals like potassium, calcium, and
magnesium. This combination has been clinically proven to lower blood pressure
effectively.
5. A client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is experiencing shakiness, sweating, and confusion.
Which of the following is the priority nutritional intervention?
A. Withhold all food until a blood glucose is drawn.
B. Give a high-protein snack like peanut butter.
C. Provide a large meal with complex carbohydrates.
D. Administer 15 grams of simple carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: D
