NUR 1172/NUR1172 Final Exam V1 |
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is educating a client about the energy content of macronutrients. How many
kilocalories per gram do carbohydrates provide to the body?
A. 4 kcal/g
B. 9 kcal/g
C. 7 kcal/g
D. 2 kcal/g
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories per gram of energy and are the
body’s primary source of fuel. In contrast, fats provide 9 kcal/g, and alcohol provides 7
kcal/g. Understanding these values is essential for calculating daily caloric intake and
managing nutritional balance in patients.
2. A patient with hypertension is encouraged to follow the DASH diet. Which of the following
nutrients should the nurse advise the patient to limit?
A. Sodium
B. Magnesium
C. Potassium
,D. Calcium
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The DASH diet specifically emphasizes the reduction of sodium
intake to help lower blood pressure. It also encourages the consumption of nutrients like
potassium, calcium, and magnesium which are beneficial for heart health. Excessive sodium
leads to fluid retention and increased vascular resistance, worsening hypertension
symptoms.
3. Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with the development of scurvy,
characterized by bleeding gums and poor wound healing?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is vital for collagen synthesis
and tissue repair. A severe deficiency leads to scurvy, which manifests as capillary fragility,
joint pain, and gingivitis. Nurses must assess for these physical signs in patients with
restricted diets or malnutrition.
, 4. A client is taking Warfarin (Coumadin) for anticoagulation. The nurse should instruct the
client to maintain a consistent intake of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B6
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Vitamin K plays a critical role in blood clotting and acts as the
physiological antagonist to Warfarin. Sudden increases or decreases in Vitamin K intake
from foods like kale or spinach can significantly alter the medication’s effectiveness.
Patients should aim for consistency rather than total avoidance to ensure stable INR levels.
5. Which of the following is considered a complete protein source, providing all nine essential
amino acids?
A. Lentils
B. Quinoa
C. Whole wheat bread
D. Peanut butter
Correct Answer: B
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is educating a client about the energy content of macronutrients. How many
kilocalories per gram do carbohydrates provide to the body?
A. 4 kcal/g
B. 9 kcal/g
C. 7 kcal/g
D. 2 kcal/g
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories per gram of energy and are the
body’s primary source of fuel. In contrast, fats provide 9 kcal/g, and alcohol provides 7
kcal/g. Understanding these values is essential for calculating daily caloric intake and
managing nutritional balance in patients.
2. A patient with hypertension is encouraged to follow the DASH diet. Which of the following
nutrients should the nurse advise the patient to limit?
A. Sodium
B. Magnesium
C. Potassium
,D. Calcium
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The DASH diet specifically emphasizes the reduction of sodium
intake to help lower blood pressure. It also encourages the consumption of nutrients like
potassium, calcium, and magnesium which are beneficial for heart health. Excessive sodium
leads to fluid retention and increased vascular resistance, worsening hypertension
symptoms.
3. Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with the development of scurvy,
characterized by bleeding gums and poor wound healing?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is vital for collagen synthesis
and tissue repair. A severe deficiency leads to scurvy, which manifests as capillary fragility,
joint pain, and gingivitis. Nurses must assess for these physical signs in patients with
restricted diets or malnutrition.
, 4. A client is taking Warfarin (Coumadin) for anticoagulation. The nurse should instruct the
client to maintain a consistent intake of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B6
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Vitamin K plays a critical role in blood clotting and acts as the
physiological antagonist to Warfarin. Sudden increases or decreases in Vitamin K intake
from foods like kale or spinach can significantly alter the medication’s effectiveness.
Patients should aim for consistency rather than total avoidance to ensure stable INR levels.
5. Which of the following is considered a complete protein source, providing all nine essential
amino acids?
A. Lentils
B. Quinoa
C. Whole wheat bread
D. Peanut butter
Correct Answer: B
