DUE DATE: JUNE 2026
Question 1:
Differences Between Ralph Tyler’s Objectives Approach and Lawrence Stenhouse’s
Process Approach to Curriculum Development
Ralph Tyler’s Objectives Approach
Ralph Tyler’s objectives approach is regarded as one of the most influential models of
curriculum development. Tyler argued that curriculum planning should begin with clearly
defined educational objectives that specify what learners should know, understand, and be
able to do at the end of instruction (Tyler, 1949). The curriculum is therefore designed
around predetermined outcomes, and all teaching, learning, and assessment activities are
aligned with these objectives. Tyler viewed curriculum development as a systematic and
logical process that ensures educational goals are achieved efficiently and effectively.
The Teacher’s Role
Within Tyler’s approach, the teacher serves as the primary implementer of curriculum
objectives. Teachers are responsible for selecting learning experiences, organising content,
and delivering instruction in a manner that enables learners to achieve predetermined
outcomes (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2018). The teacher directs the learning process and ensures
that classroom activities remain focused on achieving the stated objectives. As a result, the
teacher occupies a central position in planning and controlling learning experiences.
The Learner’s Role