INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Norms
Answer: what is expected of people; the expectations intended to
guide people's behaviors
◉ Sanctions
Answer: either expressions of approval given to people for
upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them.
◉ Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Answer: Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that
language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
◉ Subculture
Answer: the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish
its members from the larger culture; a world within a world
◉ Taboo
Answer: a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated
, ◉ Agents of Socialization
Answer: people or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes,
behaviors, or other orientations toward life.
◉ Anticipatory socialization
Answer: the process of learning in advance a role or status one
anticipates having
◉ Degradation ceremony
Answer: a term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose
goal is to remake someone's self by stripping away that individual's
self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place.
◉ Gender socialization
Answer: the ways in which society sets children on different paths in
life because they are male or female
◉ Generalized other
Answer: the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people in
general
◉ Looking glass self
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Norms
Answer: what is expected of people; the expectations intended to
guide people's behaviors
◉ Sanctions
Answer: either expressions of approval given to people for
upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them.
◉ Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Answer: Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that
language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
◉ Subculture
Answer: the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish
its members from the larger culture; a world within a world
◉ Taboo
Answer: a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated
, ◉ Agents of Socialization
Answer: people or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes,
behaviors, or other orientations toward life.
◉ Anticipatory socialization
Answer: the process of learning in advance a role or status one
anticipates having
◉ Degradation ceremony
Answer: a term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose
goal is to remake someone's self by stripping away that individual's
self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place.
◉ Gender socialization
Answer: the ways in which society sets children on different paths in
life because they are male or female
◉ Generalized other
Answer: the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people in
general
◉ Looking glass self
