APHY 101 UPDATED COMPREHENSIVE SET
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔smooth muscle tissue - ✔✔comprises walls of hollow internal organs like stomach,
intestines, bladder; involuntary movements of internal organs
✔✔cardiac muscle tissue - ✔✔heart movements; involuntary
✔✔difference between neurons and neuroglia - ✔✔Neurons are highly specialized to
conduct and transmit nerve impulses from one part of the body to another; the basic
functional units of nervous tissue
Neuroglia brace and protect neurons, but are not capable of generating and transmitting
nerve impulses.
✔✔What is the epidermis? - ✔✔outer layer of skin
✔✔What is the dermis? - ✔✔inner layer of skin
✔✔What is the subcutaneous layer? - ✔✔It is also known as the hypodermis, and it's
the inner most layer of skin; binds the skin to underlying organs and contains the blood
vessels that supply the skin
✔✔what cells and pigments produce skin color? - ✔✔melanocytes produce meanin
✔✔What is the arrector pili muscle? - ✔✔A bundle of smooth muscle cells attached to
each hair follicle.
✔✔What is the sebaceous gland? - ✔✔associated with hair follicles and secrete
sebum that waterproofs and moisturizes the hair shafts
, ✔✔What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands? - ✔✔Eccrine
sweat glands are most numerous and respond throughout to body temperature elevated
by environmental heat or physical exertion.
apocrine glands produce sweat in response to emotional tension, heat and sexual
activity; present from birth, activate during puberty
✔✔What are the parts of a long bone? - ✔✔Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Medullary cavity,
Periosteum
✔✔Epiphysis - ✔✔Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones
✔✔Diaphysis - ✔✔Shaft of a long bone bone
✔✔Medullary cavity - ✔✔The diaphysis contains a hollow medullary cavity that is lined
with endosteum and filled with marrow.
✔✔Periosteum - ✔✔tough layer of vascular connective tissue in long bone, covers the
bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons
✔✔What is compact bone? - ✔✔tightly packed tissue that covers the wall of the
diaphysis; there are no gaps
✔✔Spongy bone? - ✔✔Lighter section of the bone often filled with red bone marrow.
This is what epiphyses are composed of.
✔✔Describe the process of ossification. - ✔✔Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify, blood
vessels invade the perichondrium, the perichondrium is converted into a periosteum,
and the inner layer produces bone, osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy
bone, osteoclasts create a narrow cavity.
✔✔What is the ephiphyseal plate (disk)? - ✔✔A band of hyaline cartilage that forms
between the two ossification centers; responsible for lengthening bones
It functions as the center for cell growth in the distal ends of long bones, it controls the
growth of long bones.
✔✔Distinguish among osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. - ✔✔Osteocytes-
mature bone cells
Osteoblasts- bone-forming cells
Osteoclasts- cell that erodes bone
✔✔What are the functions of the skeletal system? - ✔✔Supports the body, protects
innards, production of blood cells, provide place for muscle attachment, store minerals
and salts
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔smooth muscle tissue - ✔✔comprises walls of hollow internal organs like stomach,
intestines, bladder; involuntary movements of internal organs
✔✔cardiac muscle tissue - ✔✔heart movements; involuntary
✔✔difference between neurons and neuroglia - ✔✔Neurons are highly specialized to
conduct and transmit nerve impulses from one part of the body to another; the basic
functional units of nervous tissue
Neuroglia brace and protect neurons, but are not capable of generating and transmitting
nerve impulses.
✔✔What is the epidermis? - ✔✔outer layer of skin
✔✔What is the dermis? - ✔✔inner layer of skin
✔✔What is the subcutaneous layer? - ✔✔It is also known as the hypodermis, and it's
the inner most layer of skin; binds the skin to underlying organs and contains the blood
vessels that supply the skin
✔✔what cells and pigments produce skin color? - ✔✔melanocytes produce meanin
✔✔What is the arrector pili muscle? - ✔✔A bundle of smooth muscle cells attached to
each hair follicle.
✔✔What is the sebaceous gland? - ✔✔associated with hair follicles and secrete
sebum that waterproofs and moisturizes the hair shafts
, ✔✔What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands? - ✔✔Eccrine
sweat glands are most numerous and respond throughout to body temperature elevated
by environmental heat or physical exertion.
apocrine glands produce sweat in response to emotional tension, heat and sexual
activity; present from birth, activate during puberty
✔✔What are the parts of a long bone? - ✔✔Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Medullary cavity,
Periosteum
✔✔Epiphysis - ✔✔Expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones
✔✔Diaphysis - ✔✔Shaft of a long bone bone
✔✔Medullary cavity - ✔✔The diaphysis contains a hollow medullary cavity that is lined
with endosteum and filled with marrow.
✔✔Periosteum - ✔✔tough layer of vascular connective tissue in long bone, covers the
bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons
✔✔What is compact bone? - ✔✔tightly packed tissue that covers the wall of the
diaphysis; there are no gaps
✔✔Spongy bone? - ✔✔Lighter section of the bone often filled with red bone marrow.
This is what epiphyses are composed of.
✔✔Describe the process of ossification. - ✔✔Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify, blood
vessels invade the perichondrium, the perichondrium is converted into a periosteum,
and the inner layer produces bone, osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy
bone, osteoclasts create a narrow cavity.
✔✔What is the ephiphyseal plate (disk)? - ✔✔A band of hyaline cartilage that forms
between the two ossification centers; responsible for lengthening bones
It functions as the center for cell growth in the distal ends of long bones, it controls the
growth of long bones.
✔✔Distinguish among osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. - ✔✔Osteocytes-
mature bone cells
Osteoblasts- bone-forming cells
Osteoclasts- cell that erodes bone
✔✔What are the functions of the skeletal system? - ✔✔Supports the body, protects
innards, production of blood cells, provide place for muscle attachment, store minerals
and salts
