NR503 EPIDEMIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE LATEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔CDC Pandemic Severity Index
Category 5 - ✔✔greater than 2% case fatality ratio and more than 1.8 million U.S.
deaths
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 1 - ✔✔no viruses circulating among animals have been
reported to cause infections in humans.
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 2 - ✔✔an animal influenza virus circulating among
domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is
therefore considered a potential pandemic threat.
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 3 - ✔✔an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant
virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in people, but has not
resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level
outbreaks
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 4 - ✔✔verified human-to-human transmission of an animal or
human-animal influenza reassortant virus able to cause "community-level outbreaks"
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 5 - ✔✔human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two
countries in one WHO region
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 6 - ✔✔the pandemic phase, is characterized by community
level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the
criteria defined in Phase 5
✔✔Sporadic outbreak - ✔✔refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly
✔✔Endemic outbreak - ✔✔refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a
disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area
✔✔Hyperendemic outbreak - ✔✔refers to persistent, high levels of disease occurrence.
✔✔Cluster outbreak - ✔✔refers to an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time
that are suspected to be greater than the number expected, even though the expected
number may not be known
✔✔Pandemic outbreak - ✔✔refers to an epidemic that has spread over several
countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people
, ✔✔Before starting a community engagement effort: - ✔✔■ Be clear about the purposes
or goals of the engagement effort and the populations and/or communities you want to
engage.
■ Become knowledgeable about the community in terms of its economic conditions,
political
structures, norms and values, demographic trends, history, and experience with
engagement
efforts. Learn about the community's perceptions of those initiating the engagement
activities.
✔✔For engagement to occur, it is necessary to: - ✔✔■ Go into the community, establish
relationships, build trust, work with the formal and informal
leadership, and seek commitment from community organizations and leaders to create
processes for mobilizing the community.
■ Remember and accept that community self-determination is the responsibility and
right of all people
who constitute a community. No external entity should assume it can bestow to a
community the
power to act in its own self-interest.
✔✔For engagement to succeed: - ✔✔■ Partnering with the community is necessary to
create change and improve health.
■ All aspects of community engagement must recognize and respect community
diversity. Awareness of the various cultures and other factors of diversity must be
paramount in designing and
implementing community engagement approaches.
■ Community engagement can only be sustained by identifying and mobilizing
community assets
and by developing capacities and resources for community health decisions and
actions.
■ An engaging organization or individual change agent must be prepared to release
control of
actions or interventions to the community and be fl exible enough to meet the changing
needs of
the community.
■ Community collaboration requires long-term commitment by the engaging
organization and its
partners
✔✔Can you discuss the types of outbreaks at a population health level? - ✔✔Sporadic
Endemic
Hyperendemic
Epidemic
Outbreak
Cluster
Pandemic
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔CDC Pandemic Severity Index
Category 5 - ✔✔greater than 2% case fatality ratio and more than 1.8 million U.S.
deaths
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 1 - ✔✔no viruses circulating among animals have been
reported to cause infections in humans.
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 2 - ✔✔an animal influenza virus circulating among
domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is
therefore considered a potential pandemic threat.
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 3 - ✔✔an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant
virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in people, but has not
resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level
outbreaks
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 4 - ✔✔verified human-to-human transmission of an animal or
human-animal influenza reassortant virus able to cause "community-level outbreaks"
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 5 - ✔✔human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two
countries in one WHO region
✔✔WHO pandemic phase 6 - ✔✔the pandemic phase, is characterized by community
level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the
criteria defined in Phase 5
✔✔Sporadic outbreak - ✔✔refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly
✔✔Endemic outbreak - ✔✔refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a
disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area
✔✔Hyperendemic outbreak - ✔✔refers to persistent, high levels of disease occurrence.
✔✔Cluster outbreak - ✔✔refers to an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time
that are suspected to be greater than the number expected, even though the expected
number may not be known
✔✔Pandemic outbreak - ✔✔refers to an epidemic that has spread over several
countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people
, ✔✔Before starting a community engagement effort: - ✔✔■ Be clear about the purposes
or goals of the engagement effort and the populations and/or communities you want to
engage.
■ Become knowledgeable about the community in terms of its economic conditions,
political
structures, norms and values, demographic trends, history, and experience with
engagement
efforts. Learn about the community's perceptions of those initiating the engagement
activities.
✔✔For engagement to occur, it is necessary to: - ✔✔■ Go into the community, establish
relationships, build trust, work with the formal and informal
leadership, and seek commitment from community organizations and leaders to create
processes for mobilizing the community.
■ Remember and accept that community self-determination is the responsibility and
right of all people
who constitute a community. No external entity should assume it can bestow to a
community the
power to act in its own self-interest.
✔✔For engagement to succeed: - ✔✔■ Partnering with the community is necessary to
create change and improve health.
■ All aspects of community engagement must recognize and respect community
diversity. Awareness of the various cultures and other factors of diversity must be
paramount in designing and
implementing community engagement approaches.
■ Community engagement can only be sustained by identifying and mobilizing
community assets
and by developing capacities and resources for community health decisions and
actions.
■ An engaging organization or individual change agent must be prepared to release
control of
actions or interventions to the community and be fl exible enough to meet the changing
needs of
the community.
■ Community collaboration requires long-term commitment by the engaging
organization and its
partners
✔✔Can you discuss the types of outbreaks at a population health level? - ✔✔Sporadic
Endemic
Hyperendemic
Epidemic
Outbreak
Cluster
Pandemic
