NUR 176 EXAM 2 Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) Updated (Actua
Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
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1. Increased Intracra- Causes: Trauma, tumor, stroke, infection
nial Pressure (ICP)
2. Early Signs of In- Headache, vomiting (projectile), LOC changes
creased ICP
3. Late Signs of In- Cushing's triad (HTN, bradycardia, irregular respirations), dilated pupils,
creased ICP decerebrate/decorticate posturing
4. Nursing Care for In- Elevate HOB, avoid hip flexion, monitor ICP, administer mannitol
creased ICP
5. Types of Head In- Concussion, contusion, skull fracture, hematomas (epidural, subdural, intrac-
juries erebral)
6. Assessments for GCS score, LOC, pupil changes
Head Injuries
7. Interventions for Monitor neuro status, seizure precautions, ICP control
Head Injuries
8. Ischemic Stroke Most common - ~87% of strokes
9. Cause of Ischemic Blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain due to a blood clot or plaque
Stroke buildup.
10. Types of Ischemic Thrombotic Stroke: Blood clot forms in a cerebral artery. Embolic Stroke: A clot
Stroke (embolus) forms elsewhere (heart) and travels to the brain.
11. Symptoms of Is- Sudden numbness or weakness (often one side), difficulty speaking or un-
chemic Stroke derstanding, vision changes, dizziness, loss of coordination
12.
, NUR 176 EXAM 2 Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) Updated (Actua
Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
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Treatment for Is- tPA (alteplase) if within 3-4.5 hours, Thrombectomy (mechanical clot re-
chemic Stroke moval), Antiplatelets (aspirin), anticoagulants (warfarin)
13. Hemorrhagic Stroke Cause: Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, causing bleeding and pressure
buildup.
14. Types of Hemor- Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding into brain tissue, Subarachnoid Hemor-
rhagic Stroke rhage: Bleeding into the space around the brain (often from an aneurysm)
15. Symptoms of Hem- Sudden severe headache ("worst headache of life"), nausea, vomiting, loss
orrhagic Stroke of consciousness, seizures
16. Treatment for Hem- Control bleeding and pressure (e.g., mannitol, dexamethasone), Surgery if
orrhagic Stroke needed (clip aneurysm, remove hematoma), Blood pressure management
17. Transient Ischemic Temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain (usually < 1 hour)
Attack (TIA)
18. Symptoms of TIA Like ischemic stroke but resolve quickly, NO permanent damage
19. Warning Sign of TIA High risk of a full stroke in the next 48 hours to months
20. Treatment for TIA Identify and treat risk factors (HTN, Afib, diabetes), Antiplatelets, lifestyle
changes, possible carotid endarterectomy
21. BEFAST assessment Balance, Eyes, Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call
911
22. Multiple Sclerosis MS is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system
(MS) (CNS) — specifically the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.
23. Causes & Risk Fac- Exact cause unknown, but likely a combination of genetics, autoimmune
tors of MS factors, environmental triggers (low vitamin D, smoking, viral infections like
Epstein-Barr)
Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j5hssz
1. Increased Intracra- Causes: Trauma, tumor, stroke, infection
nial Pressure (ICP)
2. Early Signs of In- Headache, vomiting (projectile), LOC changes
creased ICP
3. Late Signs of In- Cushing's triad (HTN, bradycardia, irregular respirations), dilated pupils,
creased ICP decerebrate/decorticate posturing
4. Nursing Care for In- Elevate HOB, avoid hip flexion, monitor ICP, administer mannitol
creased ICP
5. Types of Head In- Concussion, contusion, skull fracture, hematomas (epidural, subdural, intrac-
juries erebral)
6. Assessments for GCS score, LOC, pupil changes
Head Injuries
7. Interventions for Monitor neuro status, seizure precautions, ICP control
Head Injuries
8. Ischemic Stroke Most common - ~87% of strokes
9. Cause of Ischemic Blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain due to a blood clot or plaque
Stroke buildup.
10. Types of Ischemic Thrombotic Stroke: Blood clot forms in a cerebral artery. Embolic Stroke: A clot
Stroke (embolus) forms elsewhere (heart) and travels to the brain.
11. Symptoms of Is- Sudden numbness or weakness (often one side), difficulty speaking or un-
chemic Stroke derstanding, vision changes, dizziness, loss of coordination
12.
, NUR 176 EXAM 2 Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) Updated (Actua
Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j5hssz
Treatment for Is- tPA (alteplase) if within 3-4.5 hours, Thrombectomy (mechanical clot re-
chemic Stroke moval), Antiplatelets (aspirin), anticoagulants (warfarin)
13. Hemorrhagic Stroke Cause: Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, causing bleeding and pressure
buildup.
14. Types of Hemor- Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding into brain tissue, Subarachnoid Hemor-
rhagic Stroke rhage: Bleeding into the space around the brain (often from an aneurysm)
15. Symptoms of Hem- Sudden severe headache ("worst headache of life"), nausea, vomiting, loss
orrhagic Stroke of consciousness, seizures
16. Treatment for Hem- Control bleeding and pressure (e.g., mannitol, dexamethasone), Surgery if
orrhagic Stroke needed (clip aneurysm, remove hematoma), Blood pressure management
17. Transient Ischemic Temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain (usually < 1 hour)
Attack (TIA)
18. Symptoms of TIA Like ischemic stroke but resolve quickly, NO permanent damage
19. Warning Sign of TIA High risk of a full stroke in the next 48 hours to months
20. Treatment for TIA Identify and treat risk factors (HTN, Afib, diabetes), Antiplatelets, lifestyle
changes, possible carotid endarterectomy
21. BEFAST assessment Balance, Eyes, Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call
911
22. Multiple Sclerosis MS is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system
(MS) (CNS) — specifically the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.
23. Causes & Risk Fac- Exact cause unknown, but likely a combination of genetics, autoimmune
tors of MS factors, environmental triggers (low vitamin D, smoking, viral infections like
Epstein-Barr)
