A school-age child with a history of asthma has brought a note home from school
stating that there has been one case of meningitis (Neisseria meningitides) in the
school. Since the mother is a nurse, she is very concerned since she knows the portal
of entry of this pathogen is
A) by inhalation via the respiratory tract such as through breathing or yawning.
B) by direct contact with a contaminated object such as a pencil.
C) by ingestion such as when children share their drink with their friends.
D) through a cut or abrasion that may occur on the playground.
Give this one a try later!
A) by inhalation via the respiratory tract such as through breathing or
yawning.
In the ICU, a patient has been diagnosed with sepsis due to a bacterial invasion. The
human body usually responds to infections by developing an uncontrolled
,inflammatory response with large production and release of inflammatory cytokines
such as IL-1 and TNF-a. The nurse will note which of the following clinical
manifestations in this septic patient as a result of the activation of these cytokines?
Select all that apply.
A) Excessive interstitial edema related to increased vascular permeability
B) Decreased cardiac output resulting from myocardial depression
C) Increased respiratory rate with crackles heard throughout all lung fields
D) Excessive bleeding from bowels and bladder
E) Lower blood pressure due to intravascular fluid loss
Give this one a try later!
A, B, E
A client has been diagnosed with herpes simplex virus. The client states that, "modern
medicine produces more and more antivirals every year, and so the treatment should
be simple." Which of the following statements listed below is the best response?
A) "The recent rise of drug resistance has significantly hampered the elimination of
viruses."
B) "The cell coat of viruses is particularly resilient to the available synthetic antivirals."
C) "The use of antivirals is severely limited by the unwanted adverse effects that they
cause."
D) "Treatment options for viruses are often limited because what destroys viruses
often damages your own body cells."
Give this one a try later!
, D) "Treatment options for viruses are often limited because what destroys
viruses often damages your own body cells."
Which of the following scenarios best describes an example of infection originating
with a fomite?
A) A client who contracted hepatitis C through sharing a contaminated syringe with an
infected person
B) A nurse with a positive tuberculin screening test (PPD) after admitting a patient
diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB)
C) A woman who contracted Lyme disease after a tick bite
D) A man who has been diagnosed with trichinosis after eating undercooked pork
Give this one a try later!
A) A client who contracted hepatitis C through sharing a contaminated
syringe with an infected person
A 23-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of appendicitis following 24 hours
of acute abdominal pain. The nurse practitioner providing care for the man is
explaining that while it is unpleasant, the inflammation of his appendix is playing a role
in his body's fight against the underlying infectious process. Which of the following
teaching points should the nurse practitioner eliminate from his teaching for the
patient?
A. "Inflammation can help to remove the body tissue cells that have been damaged
by infection."
B. "Inflammation will start your body on the path to growing new, healthy tissue at the
, site of infection.
C. "Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight the
infection."
D. "Inflammation ultimately aids in eliminating the initial cause of the cell injury in your
appendix."
Give this one a try later!
C. "Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight
the infection."
Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent that has a
peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on
agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal violet. This
pneumonia is most likely:
A. Chlamydial
B. Viral
C. Mycoplasmal
D. Bacterial
Give this one a try later!
D. Bacterial
A 16-year-old female has been brought to her primary care nurse practitioner by her
mother due to the girl's persistent sore throat and malaise. Which of the following
facts revealed in the girl's history and examination would lead the nurse practitioner
stating that there has been one case of meningitis (Neisseria meningitides) in the
school. Since the mother is a nurse, she is very concerned since she knows the portal
of entry of this pathogen is
A) by inhalation via the respiratory tract such as through breathing or yawning.
B) by direct contact with a contaminated object such as a pencil.
C) by ingestion such as when children share their drink with their friends.
D) through a cut or abrasion that may occur on the playground.
Give this one a try later!
A) by inhalation via the respiratory tract such as through breathing or
yawning.
In the ICU, a patient has been diagnosed with sepsis due to a bacterial invasion. The
human body usually responds to infections by developing an uncontrolled
,inflammatory response with large production and release of inflammatory cytokines
such as IL-1 and TNF-a. The nurse will note which of the following clinical
manifestations in this septic patient as a result of the activation of these cytokines?
Select all that apply.
A) Excessive interstitial edema related to increased vascular permeability
B) Decreased cardiac output resulting from myocardial depression
C) Increased respiratory rate with crackles heard throughout all lung fields
D) Excessive bleeding from bowels and bladder
E) Lower blood pressure due to intravascular fluid loss
Give this one a try later!
A, B, E
A client has been diagnosed with herpes simplex virus. The client states that, "modern
medicine produces more and more antivirals every year, and so the treatment should
be simple." Which of the following statements listed below is the best response?
A) "The recent rise of drug resistance has significantly hampered the elimination of
viruses."
B) "The cell coat of viruses is particularly resilient to the available synthetic antivirals."
C) "The use of antivirals is severely limited by the unwanted adverse effects that they
cause."
D) "Treatment options for viruses are often limited because what destroys viruses
often damages your own body cells."
Give this one a try later!
, D) "Treatment options for viruses are often limited because what destroys
viruses often damages your own body cells."
Which of the following scenarios best describes an example of infection originating
with a fomite?
A) A client who contracted hepatitis C through sharing a contaminated syringe with an
infected person
B) A nurse with a positive tuberculin screening test (PPD) after admitting a patient
diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB)
C) A woman who contracted Lyme disease after a tick bite
D) A man who has been diagnosed with trichinosis after eating undercooked pork
Give this one a try later!
A) A client who contracted hepatitis C through sharing a contaminated
syringe with an infected person
A 23-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of appendicitis following 24 hours
of acute abdominal pain. The nurse practitioner providing care for the man is
explaining that while it is unpleasant, the inflammation of his appendix is playing a role
in his body's fight against the underlying infectious process. Which of the following
teaching points should the nurse practitioner eliminate from his teaching for the
patient?
A. "Inflammation can help to remove the body tissue cells that have been damaged
by infection."
B. "Inflammation will start your body on the path to growing new, healthy tissue at the
, site of infection.
C. "Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight the
infection."
D. "Inflammation ultimately aids in eliminating the initial cause of the cell injury in your
appendix."
Give this one a try later!
C. "Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight
the infection."
Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent that has a
peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on
agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal violet. This
pneumonia is most likely:
A. Chlamydial
B. Viral
C. Mycoplasmal
D. Bacterial
Give this one a try later!
D. Bacterial
A 16-year-old female has been brought to her primary care nurse practitioner by her
mother due to the girl's persistent sore throat and malaise. Which of the following
facts revealed in the girl's history and examination would lead the nurse practitioner
