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The parent of an infant asks about using a probiotic medication. What will the primary care pediatric
nurse practitioner tell this parent?
, A. Probiotic medications have demonstrated efficacy in treating colic.
B. Probiotics are not safe to use to treat infants who have colic. C. There are no studies showing
usefulness of probiotics to manage colic. D. There is no conclusive evidence about using probiotics to
treat colic - correct ans:D. There is no conclusive evidence about using probiotics to treat colic
A toddler who was born prematurely refuses most solid foods and has poor weight gain. A barium
swallow study reveals a normal esophagus. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner
consider next to manage this child's nutritional needs?
A. Consultation with a dietician B. Fiberoptic endoscopy evaluation
C. Magnetic resonance imaging
D. Video fluoroscopy swallowing study - correct ans:D. Video fluoroscopy swallowing study
A toddler is seen in the clinic after a 2 day history of intermittent vomiting and diarrhea. An assessment
reveals an irritable child with dry mucous membranes, 3 second capillary refill, 2 second recoil of skin,
mild tachycardia and tachypnea, and cool hands and feet. The child has had two wet diapers in the past
24 hours. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend?
A. Antidiarrheal medication and clear fluids for 24 hours B. Bolus of IV normal saline in the clinic until
improvement C. Hospital admission for IV rehydration and oral fluids D. Oral rehydration solution with
follow-up in 24 hours - correct ans:D. Oral rehydration solution with follow-up in 24 hours
A 9 year old girl has a history of frequent vomiting and her mother has frequent migraine headaches.
The child has recently begun having more frequent and prolonged episodes accompanied by headaches.
An exam reveals abnormal eye movements and mild ataxia. What is the correct action?
A. Begin using an antimigraine medication to prevent headaches. B. Prescribe ondansetron and
lorazepam to help manage symptoms.
C. Reassure the parent that this is expected with cyclic vomiting syndrome. D. Refer to a pediatric
gastroenterologist for further workup - correct ans:D. Refer to a pediatric gastroenterologist for further
workup
The parent of a 3 month old reports that the infant arches and gags while feeding and spits up
undigested formula frequently. The infant's weight gain has dropped to the 5th percentile from the 12th
percentile. What is the best course of treatment for this infant?
A. Begin a trial of extensively hydrolyzed protein formula for 2 to 4 weeks. B. Institute an empiric trial of
acid suppression with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). C. Perform esophageal pH monitoring to determine