NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Final Exam Review: Week 5, 6, 7 & 8
100% Guarantee Pass
WEEK 5:...
1.Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
What labs are used to diagnose?:
- TSH - used primarily for screening and diag- nosing
hypothyroid and for monitoring replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients
- T4 - Used to monitor thyroid hormone replacement therapy and to screen for thyroid
dysfunction
,- T3 - Useful in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism; can also be used to monitor hormone
replacement therapy
- TSH low
- T4 normal
- T3 is high = hyperthyroidism
2. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
Timeframe for re- check of labs after starting levothyroxine?:Recheck TSH 6- 8 weeks after
initiating therapy and after any dosage change; Check TSH at least once a year after serum
TSH is stabilized
3. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?:
Hypothyroidism: Depend on severity. o Mild:
subtle and may go unrecognized o Moderate to severe:
- Face is pale, puffy, and expressionless.
- Skin cold and dry.
,- Hair is brittle and hair loss occurs.
- Slowed Heart rate.
- Patient may complain of lethargy, fatigue, and
- Temperature is
lowered & intolerant to cold.
- Thyroid Enlargement may occur if reduced levels of T3 and
T4
Mentation may be impaired.
4. Thyroido Diagnosis &
Evaluation
, Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?: o Elevated Heart rate and strong, and
dysrhythmias and angina may developo The CNS is stimulated, resulting is nervousness,
insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech, hyperreflexia, tremors
o Skeletal muscles
may weaken and atrophy
o Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in health and skin that is warm and moist o Feeling
Hot + Heat intolerance
o Appetit is increased but fails to match metabolic rate resulting in weight loss o All of
these signs are referred to as thyrotoxicosiso Also usually present with exophthalmos-
bulging of the eyes
5. Thyroid o Treatment
Treatment of thyroid storm?:
Characterized by profound hyperthermia (105 -de
grees F or
higher), severe tachycardia, restlessness, agitation, and tremor. Unconsciousness, coma,
hypotension, and heart failure may ensure. These symptoms are produced by excessive
levels of thyroid hormon
e Thyroid crisis can be life threatening and requires immediate
treatment.
o High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution are given to suppress
thyroid hormone release.
o Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis o A beta blocker
is given to reduce heart rateo Additional measures include sedation, cooling, and
giving glucocorticoids and IVF
6. Thyroid o Treatment
Final Exam Review: Week 5, 6, 7 & 8
100% Guarantee Pass
WEEK 5:...
1.Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
What labs are used to diagnose?:
- TSH - used primarily for screening and diag- nosing
hypothyroid and for monitoring replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients
- T4 - Used to monitor thyroid hormone replacement therapy and to screen for thyroid
dysfunction
,- T3 - Useful in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism; can also be used to monitor hormone
replacement therapy
- TSH low
- T4 normal
- T3 is high = hyperthyroidism
2. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
Timeframe for re- check of labs after starting levothyroxine?:Recheck TSH 6- 8 weeks after
initiating therapy and after any dosage change; Check TSH at least once a year after serum
TSH is stabilized
3. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?:
Hypothyroidism: Depend on severity. o Mild:
subtle and may go unrecognized o Moderate to severe:
- Face is pale, puffy, and expressionless.
- Skin cold and dry.
,- Hair is brittle and hair loss occurs.
- Slowed Heart rate.
- Patient may complain of lethargy, fatigue, and
- Temperature is
lowered & intolerant to cold.
- Thyroid Enlargement may occur if reduced levels of T3 and
T4
Mentation may be impaired.
4. Thyroido Diagnosis &
Evaluation
, Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?: o Elevated Heart rate and strong, and
dysrhythmias and angina may developo The CNS is stimulated, resulting is nervousness,
insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech, hyperreflexia, tremors
o Skeletal muscles
may weaken and atrophy
o Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in health and skin that is warm and moist o Feeling
Hot + Heat intolerance
o Appetit is increased but fails to match metabolic rate resulting in weight loss o All of
these signs are referred to as thyrotoxicosiso Also usually present with exophthalmos-
bulging of the eyes
5. Thyroid o Treatment
Treatment of thyroid storm?:
Characterized by profound hyperthermia (105 -de
grees F or
higher), severe tachycardia, restlessness, agitation, and tremor. Unconsciousness, coma,
hypotension, and heart failure may ensure. These symptoms are produced by excessive
levels of thyroid hormon
e Thyroid crisis can be life threatening and requires immediate
treatment.
o High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution are given to suppress
thyroid hormone release.
o Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis o A beta blocker
is given to reduce heart rateo Additional measures include sedation, cooling, and
giving glucocorticoids and IVF
6. Thyroid o Treatment
