Answer the following review questions to make sure you understand the key concepts
covered in Modules 1-4.
You do not need to turn this in. It is for your review only.
Chapter 1- Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy: structures of body parts, forms and organizations. Physiology: considers
the function, what they do and how they do it
2. What are the levels of organization and define each.
Atom> Molecule> Macromolecule> Organelle> Cell> Tissue >Organ >Organ Sytem>
Organism
Atom: tiny particules
Molecules: groups of atoms
Macromolecule: small molecules man combine to form macromolecules
Cell: basic unit of function is a cell.
Cells contain organelles that carry out specific functions
Specialized cells that assemble into layers or masses are called tissue
Groups of different tissue form organs
Groups of organs that function closely together are an organ system
Interacting organ systems make up an organism
3. What are the characteristics of life and define each.
Movement: change in position of the body/part
Responsiveness: Rxn to change inside or outside the body
Growth: Increase in body size without change in shape
Reproduction: producing new organisms and new cells
Respiration: obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, releasing energy from food
(some life forms don’t use oxygen in respiration)
Digestion: breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed
and used
Absorption: passage of substances through membranes into body fludis
Assimilation: changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms
Excretion: removal of waste products by metabolic rxns
4. What are the requirements of life? Why is each important?
Water-most abundant source in body, metabolic process in body take place, regulate
body temp
Oxygen 1/5 of air, releases energy from nutrients, energy used for metabolic process
Heat: form of energy, product of metabolism, amount of heat controls rate at which
reactions occur
Pressure: application of force upon an object. (Bp for example, air pressure)
5. Define homeostasis.
Body’s ability to keep its internal conditions stable such that its cells can survive.
6. What is a homeostatic mechanism?
Body maintains homeostasis through a # of self regulating control systems
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 03-10-2022 08:15:22 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/34439518/Review-Questions-for-Exam-1-APHY-101docx/
, Chapter 2 – Chemical Basis of Life
1. Define matter, element and atom. What is the basic unit of matter (mass.)?
Matter: anything tht has weight and takes up space
Element: simplest exampes of matter with specific chemical properties, most occur
naturally
Compound: chemical combinations
Atom: smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element
2. What is the structure of an atom?
Central portion, nucleus, and electrons orbiting it. One or more large particle called
protons, and usually neutrons
3. Define nucleus, proton, neutron and electron. What charges do each of these
particles have?
Proton (positive): relatively large, found in nucleus
Neutron (neutral): relatively large, found in nucleus
Electron (negative): extremely small particle, almost no weight, constant motion
around a nucleus
4. What are covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds? What are the differences among
the three?
Covalent: chemical bond between atoms sharing electrons
Ionic: ions with opposite charges attract
Hydrogen: attraction of positive hydrogen end of polar molecule to negative nitrogen
or oxygen
*In an ionic bond one or more electrons are pulled entirely towards another atom. In
covalent bonds, atoms share electrons equally (unless polar).
5. Define synthesis, decomposition and exchange reactions.
Synthesis: when two or more atoms, ions, or molecules form to make a more
complex structure
Decomposition: if bonds of a reactant molecule break to form simpler molecules or
ions
Exchange reactions: when parts of 2 different types of molecules trade positions as
bonds are broken and new bond are formed (AB+CD>AD+CB)
6. What is a reactant? a product?
Reactant: the starting material changed by chemical reactions
Products: Atoms, ions or molecules formed at the reactions conclusion.
7. Define catalyst.
Molecules that influence the rate but not the direction of the chemical reaction, but
are not consumed in the process.
8. What happens and what is produced when salts dissolve in water? Electrolytes
9. What is an acid? A base?
Acid: Lytes that dissociate to release hydrogen
Bases: substances that combine with hydrogen
10. What is the pH scale? What ions are involved in the pH scale?
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 03-10-2022 08:15:22 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/34439518/Review-Questions-for-Exam-1-APHY-101docx/
covered in Modules 1-4.
You do not need to turn this in. It is for your review only.
Chapter 1- Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy: structures of body parts, forms and organizations. Physiology: considers
the function, what they do and how they do it
2. What are the levels of organization and define each.
Atom> Molecule> Macromolecule> Organelle> Cell> Tissue >Organ >Organ Sytem>
Organism
Atom: tiny particules
Molecules: groups of atoms
Macromolecule: small molecules man combine to form macromolecules
Cell: basic unit of function is a cell.
Cells contain organelles that carry out specific functions
Specialized cells that assemble into layers or masses are called tissue
Groups of different tissue form organs
Groups of organs that function closely together are an organ system
Interacting organ systems make up an organism
3. What are the characteristics of life and define each.
Movement: change in position of the body/part
Responsiveness: Rxn to change inside or outside the body
Growth: Increase in body size without change in shape
Reproduction: producing new organisms and new cells
Respiration: obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, releasing energy from food
(some life forms don’t use oxygen in respiration)
Digestion: breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed
and used
Absorption: passage of substances through membranes into body fludis
Assimilation: changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms
Excretion: removal of waste products by metabolic rxns
4. What are the requirements of life? Why is each important?
Water-most abundant source in body, metabolic process in body take place, regulate
body temp
Oxygen 1/5 of air, releases energy from nutrients, energy used for metabolic process
Heat: form of energy, product of metabolism, amount of heat controls rate at which
reactions occur
Pressure: application of force upon an object. (Bp for example, air pressure)
5. Define homeostasis.
Body’s ability to keep its internal conditions stable such that its cells can survive.
6. What is a homeostatic mechanism?
Body maintains homeostasis through a # of self regulating control systems
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 03-10-2022 08:15:22 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/34439518/Review-Questions-for-Exam-1-APHY-101docx/
, Chapter 2 – Chemical Basis of Life
1. Define matter, element and atom. What is the basic unit of matter (mass.)?
Matter: anything tht has weight and takes up space
Element: simplest exampes of matter with specific chemical properties, most occur
naturally
Compound: chemical combinations
Atom: smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element
2. What is the structure of an atom?
Central portion, nucleus, and electrons orbiting it. One or more large particle called
protons, and usually neutrons
3. Define nucleus, proton, neutron and electron. What charges do each of these
particles have?
Proton (positive): relatively large, found in nucleus
Neutron (neutral): relatively large, found in nucleus
Electron (negative): extremely small particle, almost no weight, constant motion
around a nucleus
4. What are covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds? What are the differences among
the three?
Covalent: chemical bond between atoms sharing electrons
Ionic: ions with opposite charges attract
Hydrogen: attraction of positive hydrogen end of polar molecule to negative nitrogen
or oxygen
*In an ionic bond one or more electrons are pulled entirely towards another atom. In
covalent bonds, atoms share electrons equally (unless polar).
5. Define synthesis, decomposition and exchange reactions.
Synthesis: when two or more atoms, ions, or molecules form to make a more
complex structure
Decomposition: if bonds of a reactant molecule break to form simpler molecules or
ions
Exchange reactions: when parts of 2 different types of molecules trade positions as
bonds are broken and new bond are formed (AB+CD>AD+CB)
6. What is a reactant? a product?
Reactant: the starting material changed by chemical reactions
Products: Atoms, ions or molecules formed at the reactions conclusion.
7. Define catalyst.
Molecules that influence the rate but not the direction of the chemical reaction, but
are not consumed in the process.
8. What happens and what is produced when salts dissolve in water? Electrolytes
9. What is an acid? A base?
Acid: Lytes that dissociate to release hydrogen
Bases: substances that combine with hydrogen
10. What is the pH scale? What ions are involved in the pH scale?
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 03-10-2022 08:15:22 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/34439518/Review-Questions-for-Exam-1-APHY-101docx/
