NUR 2349 Exam 2 – Latest Exam Guide to Score A+ Rasmussen College

NUR 2349 Exam 2 – Latest Exam Guide to Score A+ Rasmussen College. Pain assessment- what needs to be asked and most accurate information? a. Rate the number of your pain from 1-10 and what does it feel like 2. What does each of the terms mean? a. Onset: When did it start? b. Location/Radiation: Where is it located? c. Duration: How long has this gone on? d. Characterizes: Does it change with any specific activities? Does the patient use any descriptive words to describe the quality of the symptom? e. Aggravating factors: What makes it worse? f. Alleviating factors: What makes it better? g. Timing: Is it constant, cyclic or does it come and go? h. Severity (or intensity): How bothersome, disruptive or painful is the problem? 3. Acute vs. chronic pain, what is the difference in vitals? a. Acute: Sudden onset and relatively short deration (Dull or Sharp) b. Chronic: Long term-6 months or more and tends to be persistent 4. Theories in pain a. Intensive theory: Based on Aristotle’s concept that pain resulted from excessive stimulation of the sense of touch b. Specificity Theory: Holds specific pain receptors transmit signals to a “pain center” in the brain that produces the perception of pain. The body has a separate sensory system for perceiving pain. c. Strong’s Theory: Pain is experience based on both noxious stimulus and psychic reaction or displeasure provoked by sensation d. Pattern Theory: Ignored findings of specialized nerve endings and many observations supporting the specificity/ intensive theories of pain. This theory thinks that peripheral sensory receptors, responding to touch, warmth and other non-damaging as well as to damaging stimuli, give rise to non-painful or painful experiences as a result of differences in the patterns [in time] of the signals sent through the nervous system e. Central Summation Theory: Prolonged abnormal activity bombards cells in the spinal cord, and information is projected to the brain for pain perception. f. Fourth theory of pain: It stated that pain was composed of two components: the perception of pain and the reaction one has towards it. The reaction was described as a complex physiopsychological process involving cognition, past experience, culture and various psychological factors which influence pain perception. g. Sensory Interaction Theory: It describes two systems involving transmission of pain: fast and slow system. The later presumed to .........................................