PULMONARY SYSTEM- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1
PULMONARY SYSTEM
Function:
1. Air Distribution and gas exchange
2. Filters, warms, and humidifies the air
3. Influence sound production and speech-- Pharynx
4. Olfaction—olfactory nerve
5. PH regulation in the body—aids as buffer system, as it controls the PH level
Ventilation
Movement of air inside and outside of lungs
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACK TO TERMINAL BRONCHI
Respiration
Gas Exchange
O2 goes to blood and Co2 out the body
Upper Respiratory Tract (3 divisions)
1. Nose
2. Nostrils
3. Nasal Cavity
4. Paranasal Sinuses
5. Oral Cavity
6. Pharynx
7. Epiglottis
8. Larynx
Nose
Upper portion of respiratory tract
Functions for air conduction, filtration, humidification, and temperature control
*As the air enters to the outer nares of the nose, it will pass through the meatus, then to the
posterior nares. It will also pass through the vibrissae, wherein it will provide filtration, and
since there is mixture of air, it will cause turbulence hence makes breath warm.
Warm- Dilation
Cold- Constriction
*Asthma- bronchospasm, diff to dilate—important to
warm air before it enters the respiratory system.
(+) Vibrissae- hair like structure
Plays a role in olfactory process- CN 1
Keisselbach triangle/ Little box triangle: Epistaxis/ nose
bleed—area where arteries anastamose, wherein if there is
increase/ decrease/ or trauma to the nose, it will cause
epistaxis.
Pharynx
Throat
Tube- like structure
Base of the skull to esophagus and anterior to cervical vertebra
Common area of respiration and gastrointestinal
3 Anatomical Divisions
*Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx is the common pathway of food and air
*Nasopharynx—only air passes
*If nasal cavity did not properly close, food can come out of nose.
1. Nasopharynx
, PULMONARY SYSTEM- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2
o Behind the nose
o From posterior nares to soft palate
2. Oropharynx
o Behind the mouth
o From soft palate to hyoid bone
3. Laryngopharynx
o Hyoid bone to esophagus
Larynx
Voice box
Triangular shaped between the roof of the tongue and upper end of the trachea below and in front
of the pharynx.
Between 3- 6th Cervical vertebra
Lined by ciliated mucus membrane
GUARDIAN OF THE AIRWAY- EPIGLOTTIS –most important in closing the trachea during deglutition/
swallowing
“PARE- AREN’T CORNS CUTE”/ PARENT’s CUTE CORNS
PARE – Paired
AREN’T –Arytenoid
CORNS – Corniculate
CUTE – Cuneiform
“U- TRY EPIC CRYING”
U – Unpaired
TRY – Thyroid
EPIC – Epiglottis
CRYING – Cricoid
Lower Respiratory Tract (10 divisions)
1. Trachea (windpipe)
CONDUCTIVE ZONE
2. Main Bronchi
3. Lobar Bronchi
4. Segmental Bronchi
5. Terminal Bronchi
6. Respiratory Bronchi
RESPIRATORY ZONE
7. Alveolar Ducts
8. Alveolar Sacs
9. Alveoli
10. Capillaries
*Respiratory/ Functional Zone
Anatomical unit of lungs- ALVEOLI
Nos. 1- 5
Without gas exchange
Physiological/ Functional unit of lungs- ASINUS
Nos. 6 -10
With gas exchange
External respiration
is the formal term for gas exchange. It describes both the bulk flow of air into and out of the lungs
and the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide and into the bloodstream through diffusion.
PULMONARY SYSTEM
Function:
1. Air Distribution and gas exchange
2. Filters, warms, and humidifies the air
3. Influence sound production and speech-- Pharynx
4. Olfaction—olfactory nerve
5. PH regulation in the body—aids as buffer system, as it controls the PH level
Ventilation
Movement of air inside and outside of lungs
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACK TO TERMINAL BRONCHI
Respiration
Gas Exchange
O2 goes to blood and Co2 out the body
Upper Respiratory Tract (3 divisions)
1. Nose
2. Nostrils
3. Nasal Cavity
4. Paranasal Sinuses
5. Oral Cavity
6. Pharynx
7. Epiglottis
8. Larynx
Nose
Upper portion of respiratory tract
Functions for air conduction, filtration, humidification, and temperature control
*As the air enters to the outer nares of the nose, it will pass through the meatus, then to the
posterior nares. It will also pass through the vibrissae, wherein it will provide filtration, and
since there is mixture of air, it will cause turbulence hence makes breath warm.
Warm- Dilation
Cold- Constriction
*Asthma- bronchospasm, diff to dilate—important to
warm air before it enters the respiratory system.
(+) Vibrissae- hair like structure
Plays a role in olfactory process- CN 1
Keisselbach triangle/ Little box triangle: Epistaxis/ nose
bleed—area where arteries anastamose, wherein if there is
increase/ decrease/ or trauma to the nose, it will cause
epistaxis.
Pharynx
Throat
Tube- like structure
Base of the skull to esophagus and anterior to cervical vertebra
Common area of respiration and gastrointestinal
3 Anatomical Divisions
*Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx is the common pathway of food and air
*Nasopharynx—only air passes
*If nasal cavity did not properly close, food can come out of nose.
1. Nasopharynx
, PULMONARY SYSTEM- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2
o Behind the nose
o From posterior nares to soft palate
2. Oropharynx
o Behind the mouth
o From soft palate to hyoid bone
3. Laryngopharynx
o Hyoid bone to esophagus
Larynx
Voice box
Triangular shaped between the roof of the tongue and upper end of the trachea below and in front
of the pharynx.
Between 3- 6th Cervical vertebra
Lined by ciliated mucus membrane
GUARDIAN OF THE AIRWAY- EPIGLOTTIS –most important in closing the trachea during deglutition/
swallowing
“PARE- AREN’T CORNS CUTE”/ PARENT’s CUTE CORNS
PARE – Paired
AREN’T –Arytenoid
CORNS – Corniculate
CUTE – Cuneiform
“U- TRY EPIC CRYING”
U – Unpaired
TRY – Thyroid
EPIC – Epiglottis
CRYING – Cricoid
Lower Respiratory Tract (10 divisions)
1. Trachea (windpipe)
CONDUCTIVE ZONE
2. Main Bronchi
3. Lobar Bronchi
4. Segmental Bronchi
5. Terminal Bronchi
6. Respiratory Bronchi
RESPIRATORY ZONE
7. Alveolar Ducts
8. Alveolar Sacs
9. Alveoli
10. Capillaries
*Respiratory/ Functional Zone
Anatomical unit of lungs- ALVEOLI
Nos. 1- 5
Without gas exchange
Physiological/ Functional unit of lungs- ASINUS
Nos. 6 -10
With gas exchange
External respiration
is the formal term for gas exchange. It describes both the bulk flow of air into and out of the lungs
and the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide and into the bloodstream through diffusion.
