Consent- Minor (STD testing)
Adolescents have the ability to receive pregnancy testing and prenatal care, mental health, and STD testing without informed consent.
Assent is the agreeing of treatment of a minor. Assent is asked starting at 7 years old.
Assent: What does it mean to get assent
Assent is an informed consent from child agreeing to treatment of choice. Assent starts from age 7, and continues throughout adolescence.
Growth and development (Infant): Developmental milestones 1-3 months
Gross Motor:
Raises head and shoulders off mattress when prone; Only slight head lag.
Fine Motor: No longer has grasp reflex; keeps hands loosely open.
Physical: posterior fontanel closes by 6-8 weeks,
Speech development: Infants cry for 1 to 1 1/2 hour each day up to 3 weeks of age, and build up to 2-4 hours by 6 weeks;
vocalizes with cooing by 3-4 months;
shows considerable interest in the environment; turns head to look for the sound of rattle by 3 months; adds consonants by 3 months.
Cognitive: Sensorimotor
nocturnal sleep pattern established by 3-4 mos
Growth and development (Infant): Developmental milestones 6-8 months
Gross Motor: 6mos: rolls from back to front; 7 mos: bears full weight on feet and sits, leaning forward on both hands; 8mos: sits unsupported.
Fine Motor: 6 mos: Holds bottle; 7 mos: Moves objects from hand to hand; 8 mos: begins using pincer grasp;
Physical:
6-8 teeth should erupt in infants mouth;
lower incisors are first to erupt between 5-7 mos upper incisors are next between 6-8 mos
1st 6 months infants gain 5-7 oz/week 1.5 lb/month
Birth weight doubles at 5-6 months old
Nutrition:
Breast feeding provides complete diet for infants during first 6 months
Iron supplements recommended at 4 mos for breast feeding babies
solids introduced at 4-6 mos; after 6 mos limit fruit juice 4-6 oz/day
Rice cereal in formula is first solid food
vegetables or fruits are started at 6-8 mos (after both introduced meats may be added at around 8-10 mos
weaning may be started at 6mos or 12 mos
Cognitive: sensorimotor
Separation anxiety begins around 4-8 mos
Stranger fear becomes evident between 6 and 8 mos (have ability to discriminate amongst familiar and unfamiliar people)
Growth and development (Infant): Psychosocial stage of development
Trust vs. Mistrust:
The infant begins to learn delayed gratification. Failure to learn delayed gratification leads to mistrust. Trust is developed by meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs
Growth and development (Infant): Appropriate weight gain at 6 months and 1 year
Weight and height:
1st 6 months infants gain 5-7 oz/week 1.5 lb/month
Birth weight doubles at 5-6 months old
Birth Weight triples at 1 yr
Height ↑ 1 inch/month for 1st 6 months
Birth length ↑almost 50% at 1 yr, mainly in trunk rather than legs
Growth and development (Infant): 12 month gross and fine motor development
Gross Motor:
Sits down from a standing position without assistance
Fine motor:
Tries to build a two-block tower without success; Can turn pages in a book.
Growth and development (Toddler ): Lab level for toddler screening
24 month screen:
Cholesterol
BP (unless need earlier in life)
BMI H&H
Lead levels
Growth and development (Toddler ): Gross motor miles stones
15 Months:
Walks without help; Creeps up stairs
18 Months:
Runs clumsily; Falls often
Throws ball overhand
Jumps in place with both feet
pulls and pushes toys
2 Years:
Walks up and down stairs by placing both feet on each step
2.5 Years:
Jumps across the floor and off a chair or step using both feet
Stands on one foot momentarily
Takes a few steps on tiptoe
Growth and development (Toddler): Disciplining a Toddler
Discipline should be consistent with well-defined boundaries that are established to develop appropriate social behavior (Positive reinforcement for good behavior)
Time outs are good punishment (1 minute per age)
Growth and development (Toddler): Parental anticipatory guidance for care of Toddler
Language development:
1 year- using one-word sentences or holophrases
2 years- using multiword sentences by combining two to three words
3 years- combining several words to create simple sentences using grammatical rules
Cognitive Development: Preoperational (after 24 months)
concept of object permanence fully developed
demonstrates memories of events that relate to them
domestic mimicry (Playing house) is evident
preoperational thought doesn't allow for toddlers to understand other viewpoints, but it does allow them to symbolize objects and people to imitate previously seen activities.
Nutrition:
Toddlers should consume 24- 28 oz milk per day, and may switch from drinking whole milk to drinking low-fat milk after 2 yo
Juice consumption should be limited to 4 to 6 oz/day
Diet should include 1 cup of fruit daily
Food serving should be 1 tbsp for each year of age or 1/4 to 1/3 of an adult portion
Adolescents have the ability to receive pregnancy testing and prenatal care, mental health, and STD testing without informed consent.
Assent is the agreeing of treatment of a minor. Assent is asked starting at 7 years old.
Assent: What does it mean to get assent
Assent is an informed consent from child agreeing to treatment of choice. Assent starts from age 7, and continues throughout adolescence.
Growth and development (Infant): Developmental milestones 1-3 months
Gross Motor:
Raises head and shoulders off mattress when prone; Only slight head lag.
Fine Motor: No longer has grasp reflex; keeps hands loosely open.
Physical: posterior fontanel closes by 6-8 weeks,
Speech development: Infants cry for 1 to 1 1/2 hour each day up to 3 weeks of age, and build up to 2-4 hours by 6 weeks;
vocalizes with cooing by 3-4 months;
shows considerable interest in the environment; turns head to look for the sound of rattle by 3 months; adds consonants by 3 months.
Cognitive: Sensorimotor
nocturnal sleep pattern established by 3-4 mos
Growth and development (Infant): Developmental milestones 6-8 months
Gross Motor: 6mos: rolls from back to front; 7 mos: bears full weight on feet and sits, leaning forward on both hands; 8mos: sits unsupported.
Fine Motor: 6 mos: Holds bottle; 7 mos: Moves objects from hand to hand; 8 mos: begins using pincer grasp;
Physical:
6-8 teeth should erupt in infants mouth;
lower incisors are first to erupt between 5-7 mos upper incisors are next between 6-8 mos
1st 6 months infants gain 5-7 oz/week 1.5 lb/month
Birth weight doubles at 5-6 months old
Nutrition:
Breast feeding provides complete diet for infants during first 6 months
Iron supplements recommended at 4 mos for breast feeding babies
solids introduced at 4-6 mos; after 6 mos limit fruit juice 4-6 oz/day
Rice cereal in formula is first solid food
vegetables or fruits are started at 6-8 mos (after both introduced meats may be added at around 8-10 mos
weaning may be started at 6mos or 12 mos
Cognitive: sensorimotor
Separation anxiety begins around 4-8 mos
Stranger fear becomes evident between 6 and 8 mos (have ability to discriminate amongst familiar and unfamiliar people)
Growth and development (Infant): Psychosocial stage of development
Trust vs. Mistrust:
The infant begins to learn delayed gratification. Failure to learn delayed gratification leads to mistrust. Trust is developed by meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs
Growth and development (Infant): Appropriate weight gain at 6 months and 1 year
Weight and height:
1st 6 months infants gain 5-7 oz/week 1.5 lb/month
Birth weight doubles at 5-6 months old
Birth Weight triples at 1 yr
Height ↑ 1 inch/month for 1st 6 months
Birth length ↑almost 50% at 1 yr, mainly in trunk rather than legs
Growth and development (Infant): 12 month gross and fine motor development
Gross Motor:
Sits down from a standing position without assistance
Fine motor:
Tries to build a two-block tower without success; Can turn pages in a book.
Growth and development (Toddler ): Lab level for toddler screening
24 month screen:
Cholesterol
BP (unless need earlier in life)
BMI H&H
Lead levels
Growth and development (Toddler ): Gross motor miles stones
15 Months:
Walks without help; Creeps up stairs
18 Months:
Runs clumsily; Falls often
Throws ball overhand
Jumps in place with both feet
pulls and pushes toys
2 Years:
Walks up and down stairs by placing both feet on each step
2.5 Years:
Jumps across the floor and off a chair or step using both feet
Stands on one foot momentarily
Takes a few steps on tiptoe
Growth and development (Toddler): Disciplining a Toddler
Discipline should be consistent with well-defined boundaries that are established to develop appropriate social behavior (Positive reinforcement for good behavior)
Time outs are good punishment (1 minute per age)
Growth and development (Toddler): Parental anticipatory guidance for care of Toddler
Language development:
1 year- using one-word sentences or holophrases
2 years- using multiword sentences by combining two to three words
3 years- combining several words to create simple sentences using grammatical rules
Cognitive Development: Preoperational (after 24 months)
concept of object permanence fully developed
demonstrates memories of events that relate to them
domestic mimicry (Playing house) is evident
preoperational thought doesn't allow for toddlers to understand other viewpoints, but it does allow them to symbolize objects and people to imitate previously seen activities.
Nutrition:
Toddlers should consume 24- 28 oz milk per day, and may switch from drinking whole milk to drinking low-fat milk after 2 yo
Juice consumption should be limited to 4 to 6 oz/day
Diet should include 1 cup of fruit daily
Food serving should be 1 tbsp for each year of age or 1/4 to 1/3 of an adult portion
