History Chapter 4
The time of wigs:
Dutch republic? Decline, poverty, no more leading role
France & Britain: Most powerful in industry and trade
France: King louis XIV with absolutism power, wealth and a lot of poverty, society divided in 3 estates with
their own rights & duties:
1. Clergy
2. Nobility
3. Other people
Enlightment: Using your mind -> Rational thinking: Church against this, because they wanted to keep
their power and follow god, knowledge is power:
1. Human rights
2. Rule of war
3. Atheist ( not having a religion )
Voltaire: God doesn't ' control us ' he is more a clockmaker, he had created the world but did not interfere
with it anymore
Revolution in America:
In 1764 the brititsh government decided that the Americans needed to pay taxes, the American people
didn't wanted to pay taxes because they were not represented in the British parliament: No taxation
without representation, the American people started to work together agianst the British <- This is how
the American revolution started in 1765, which meant the thirteen colonies became an idependent state in
1783 <- The process in which colonies become independent is called decolonistation
Thomas Jefferson: Wrote the declaration of independence, Jefferson was a follower of the Enlightenment:
Everybody is equal and has the right to be free and happy
Revolution in France:
France is official bankrupt -> Louis the XVI raised the taxes even more, Other people like farmers etc,,,
hated the royal family because of that even more, Louis the XVI didn't care about all the other people in
France, the farmers became very mad at the government <- they can't pay the taxes at all time, the revolt
spread over France, farmers killed nobles and clergymen and burned down castle, churches and
monasteries
In 1799 general Napoleon used the army to suddenly depose the government and take the power -> In 1804
he crowned himself emperor
From 1792 onwards France conquered a lot of countries, such as Belgium, The Netherlands and parts of
Germany and Italy
The time of wigs:
Dutch republic? Decline, poverty, no more leading role
France & Britain: Most powerful in industry and trade
France: King louis XIV with absolutism power, wealth and a lot of poverty, society divided in 3 estates with
their own rights & duties:
1. Clergy
2. Nobility
3. Other people
Enlightment: Using your mind -> Rational thinking: Church against this, because they wanted to keep
their power and follow god, knowledge is power:
1. Human rights
2. Rule of war
3. Atheist ( not having a religion )
Voltaire: God doesn't ' control us ' he is more a clockmaker, he had created the world but did not interfere
with it anymore
Revolution in America:
In 1764 the brititsh government decided that the Americans needed to pay taxes, the American people
didn't wanted to pay taxes because they were not represented in the British parliament: No taxation
without representation, the American people started to work together agianst the British <- This is how
the American revolution started in 1765, which meant the thirteen colonies became an idependent state in
1783 <- The process in which colonies become independent is called decolonistation
Thomas Jefferson: Wrote the declaration of independence, Jefferson was a follower of the Enlightenment:
Everybody is equal and has the right to be free and happy
Revolution in France:
France is official bankrupt -> Louis the XVI raised the taxes even more, Other people like farmers etc,,,
hated the royal family because of that even more, Louis the XVI didn't care about all the other people in
France, the farmers became very mad at the government <- they can't pay the taxes at all time, the revolt
spread over France, farmers killed nobles and clergymen and burned down castle, churches and
monasteries
In 1799 general Napoleon used the army to suddenly depose the government and take the power -> In 1804
he crowned himself emperor
From 1792 onwards France conquered a lot of countries, such as Belgium, The Netherlands and parts of
Germany and Italy
