Biology, a global approach, 12th edition
By Campbell et. al.
Summary of unit 8, the ecology of life
Written by Lennart Matthijs de Jong
Chapter 51...............................................................................................................................3
51.1 - Earth's climate varies by latitude and season and is changing rapidly.................... 3
51.2 - The distribution of terrestrial biomes is controlled by climate and disturbance........ 3
51.3 - Aquatic biomes are diverse and dynamic systems that cover most of Earth........... 4
51.4 - Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of
species............................................................................................................................... 4
51.5 - Ecological change and evolution affect one another over long and short periods of
time.....................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 52...............................................................................................................................5
52.1 - Discrete sensory inputs can stimulate both simple and complex behaviours.......... 5
52.2 - Learning establishes specific links between experience and behaviour.................. 5
52.3 - Selection for individual survival and reproductive success can explain diverse
behaviors............................................................................................................................6
52.4 - Genetic analyses and the concept of inclusive fitness provide a basis for studying
the evolution of behavior.................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 53...............................................................................................................................7
53.1 - Biotic and abiotic factors affect population density, dispersion, and demographics.7
53.2 - The exponential model describes population growth in an idealized, unlimited
environment........................................................................................................................7
53.3 - The logistic model describes how a population grows more slowly as it nears its
carrying capacity................................................................................................................ 7
53.4 - Life history traits are products of natural selection...................................................8
53.5 - Density-dependent factors regulate population growth............................................8
53.6 - The human population is no longer growing exponentially but is still increasing
extremely rapidly................................................................................................................ 8
Chapter 54...............................................................................................................................9
54.1 - Interactions between species can help, harm, or have no effect on the individuals
involved.............................................................................................................................. 9
54.2 - Diversity and trophic structure characterize biological communities........................9
54.3 - Disturbance influences species diversity and composition.................................... 10
54.4 - Biogeographic factors affect community diversity.................................................. 10
54.5 - Pathogens alter community structure locally and globally......................................11
1
, Chapter 55.............................................................................................................................11
55.1 - Physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems................ 11
55.2 - Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems......... 11
55.3 - Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient................... 12
55.4 - Biological and geochemical processes cycle nutrients and water in ecosystems..12
55.5 - Restoration ecologists return degraded ecosystems to a more natural state........ 12
Chapter 56.............................................................................................................................13
56.1 - Human activities threaten earth's biodiversity........................................................13
56.2 - Population conservation focuses on population size, genetic diversity, and critical
habitat...............................................................................................................................13
56.3 - Landscape and regional conservation help sustain biodiversity............................ 13
56.4 - Earth is changing rapidly as a result of human actions..........................................14
56.5 - Sustainable development can improve human lives while conserving
biodiversity…………………………………………………………………………………….14
2
By Campbell et. al.
Summary of unit 8, the ecology of life
Written by Lennart Matthijs de Jong
Chapter 51...............................................................................................................................3
51.1 - Earth's climate varies by latitude and season and is changing rapidly.................... 3
51.2 - The distribution of terrestrial biomes is controlled by climate and disturbance........ 3
51.3 - Aquatic biomes are diverse and dynamic systems that cover most of Earth........... 4
51.4 - Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of
species............................................................................................................................... 4
51.5 - Ecological change and evolution affect one another over long and short periods of
time.....................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 52...............................................................................................................................5
52.1 - Discrete sensory inputs can stimulate both simple and complex behaviours.......... 5
52.2 - Learning establishes specific links between experience and behaviour.................. 5
52.3 - Selection for individual survival and reproductive success can explain diverse
behaviors............................................................................................................................6
52.4 - Genetic analyses and the concept of inclusive fitness provide a basis for studying
the evolution of behavior.................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 53...............................................................................................................................7
53.1 - Biotic and abiotic factors affect population density, dispersion, and demographics.7
53.2 - The exponential model describes population growth in an idealized, unlimited
environment........................................................................................................................7
53.3 - The logistic model describes how a population grows more slowly as it nears its
carrying capacity................................................................................................................ 7
53.4 - Life history traits are products of natural selection...................................................8
53.5 - Density-dependent factors regulate population growth............................................8
53.6 - The human population is no longer growing exponentially but is still increasing
extremely rapidly................................................................................................................ 8
Chapter 54...............................................................................................................................9
54.1 - Interactions between species can help, harm, or have no effect on the individuals
involved.............................................................................................................................. 9
54.2 - Diversity and trophic structure characterize biological communities........................9
54.3 - Disturbance influences species diversity and composition.................................... 10
54.4 - Biogeographic factors affect community diversity.................................................. 10
54.5 - Pathogens alter community structure locally and globally......................................11
1
, Chapter 55.............................................................................................................................11
55.1 - Physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems................ 11
55.2 - Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems......... 11
55.3 - Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient................... 12
55.4 - Biological and geochemical processes cycle nutrients and water in ecosystems..12
55.5 - Restoration ecologists return degraded ecosystems to a more natural state........ 12
Chapter 56.............................................................................................................................13
56.1 - Human activities threaten earth's biodiversity........................................................13
56.2 - Population conservation focuses on population size, genetic diversity, and critical
habitat...............................................................................................................................13
56.3 - Landscape and regional conservation help sustain biodiversity............................ 13
56.4 - Earth is changing rapidly as a result of human actions..........................................14
56.5 - Sustainable development can improve human lives while conserving
biodiversity…………………………………………………………………………………….14
2
