ENPC STUDY GUIDE Q&A 2023
1. Pediatric triangle:
appearance work of
breathing
circulation to skin
2. General appearance considerations: Tone
Interactiveness: drawn to sounds or people. Wants
to play Consolability
Look/
Gaze
Speech/cr
y
3. Work of breathing:: Increased work of breathing evidenced by
tachypnea, stri- dor, grunting, retractions, accessory musles, nasal
flaring, head bobbing, abnormal positioning
4. Circulation to Skin: Observe
palor mottling
cyanosis
5. Sick, Sicker, Sickest: Sick: no disruption of any component of PAT
but care- givers are concerned
Sicker: one component of PAT is a
concern Sickest 2+ concerns of PAT
6. 2 leading causes of altered mental status in kids:
, ENPC STUDY GUIDE Q&A 2023
hypoxia hypoglycemia
7. Blood pressure norms: Hypotension: Less than 70 + (2 x age in
years) Widening pulse pressure = increased ICP
Narrowing pulse pressure = hypovolemic shock
8. Crying child: Vigorous =
good weak = sick
high-pitched = increased
ICP "Fussiness" = red
flag
9. Respiratory distress indicated by:: increased heart
rate skin color changes
incrased work of
breathing wheezing
, ENPC STUDY GUIDE Q&A 2023
diaphoresis
abnormal airwa sounds
10.Respiratory failure signs: fatigue and become
lethargic hypoxia
hypercarbia
11.General airway interventions: Allow child to stay in most comfortable
position Give O2 to maintain it above 92%
O2 does NOT measure ventilation
12.Croup: 1-3 days of nasal congestion and fever with sudden onset
of barky cough
Treatment: dexamethasone and nebulized epi
Discharge Teaching: oral hydration, get child to cool air or steamy
bathroom
13.Asthma interventions: albuterol, duo neb and oral steroid
14.Bronchiolitis/RSV: Assessment: 1-3 days nasal congestion fever,
cough, res- piratory distress with wheezing and crackles. Dehydration
and tachypnea
interventions: nasla suctioning,
fluids sever: heated, high flow nasal
, ENPC STUDY GUIDE Q&A 2023
cannula O2
Discharge: lasts 2-3 weeks; nasal suctioning; monitor hydration
15.treating hypoglycemia: obtain glucose for anyone who is not awake
and alert
treat kids with 2-4ml/kg of D25W
16.When to perform blood glucose test?: When the child is not awake
and alert or AMS is suspected
17.Preventing Secondary brain injury in TBI: prevent hypotension and
hypoxia
18.cuffed vs uncuffed tube: uncuffed= (age in
years/4) + 4 cuffed= (age in years/4) + 3.5
19.fluid bolus formula: infant:
10ml/kg kid: 20ml/kg
20.normal vitals: pg 52
21.blood glucose normal ages 5-11: 72-140
1. Pediatric triangle:
appearance work of
breathing
circulation to skin
2. General appearance considerations: Tone
Interactiveness: drawn to sounds or people. Wants
to play Consolability
Look/
Gaze
Speech/cr
y
3. Work of breathing:: Increased work of breathing evidenced by
tachypnea, stri- dor, grunting, retractions, accessory musles, nasal
flaring, head bobbing, abnormal positioning
4. Circulation to Skin: Observe
palor mottling
cyanosis
5. Sick, Sicker, Sickest: Sick: no disruption of any component of PAT
but care- givers are concerned
Sicker: one component of PAT is a
concern Sickest 2+ concerns of PAT
6. 2 leading causes of altered mental status in kids:
, ENPC STUDY GUIDE Q&A 2023
hypoxia hypoglycemia
7. Blood pressure norms: Hypotension: Less than 70 + (2 x age in
years) Widening pulse pressure = increased ICP
Narrowing pulse pressure = hypovolemic shock
8. Crying child: Vigorous =
good weak = sick
high-pitched = increased
ICP "Fussiness" = red
flag
9. Respiratory distress indicated by:: increased heart
rate skin color changes
incrased work of
breathing wheezing
, ENPC STUDY GUIDE Q&A 2023
diaphoresis
abnormal airwa sounds
10.Respiratory failure signs: fatigue and become
lethargic hypoxia
hypercarbia
11.General airway interventions: Allow child to stay in most comfortable
position Give O2 to maintain it above 92%
O2 does NOT measure ventilation
12.Croup: 1-3 days of nasal congestion and fever with sudden onset
of barky cough
Treatment: dexamethasone and nebulized epi
Discharge Teaching: oral hydration, get child to cool air or steamy
bathroom
13.Asthma interventions: albuterol, duo neb and oral steroid
14.Bronchiolitis/RSV: Assessment: 1-3 days nasal congestion fever,
cough, res- piratory distress with wheezing and crackles. Dehydration
and tachypnea
interventions: nasla suctioning,
fluids sever: heated, high flow nasal
, ENPC STUDY GUIDE Q&A 2023
cannula O2
Discharge: lasts 2-3 weeks; nasal suctioning; monitor hydration
15.treating hypoglycemia: obtain glucose for anyone who is not awake
and alert
treat kids with 2-4ml/kg of D25W
16.When to perform blood glucose test?: When the child is not awake
and alert or AMS is suspected
17.Preventing Secondary brain injury in TBI: prevent hypotension and
hypoxia
18.cuffed vs uncuffed tube: uncuffed= (age in
years/4) + 4 cuffed= (age in years/4) + 3.5
19.fluid bolus formula: infant:
10ml/kg kid: 20ml/kg
20.normal vitals: pg 52
21.blood glucose normal ages 5-11: 72-140
