©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
2024 Newest|CNIM - ABRET Practice Exam
Questions|2024-2025
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE
FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE
Cavities inside the skull - Answers✔Anterior/middle/posterior fossa
Cranial bones - Answers✔Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid (unpaired). Parietal & temporal
(paired).
Mental protuberance - Answers✔chin bone
MCA supply of the cerebral cortex - Answers✔Hand + face/mouth/auditory
Cranial nerves - Answers✔-12 pairs (Mixed fibers: sensory/motor/both).
-Emerge @ irregular intervals from the brain.
-Nuclei displacement:
Motor = medial Sensory = lateral
Meckle's Cave - Answers✔Depression in the medial middle fossa where CN V ganglion sits
Low frequency sounds - Answers✔@ apex of cochlea
Area of spine w/ small pedicles, long spinous process, large inter-vertebral foramen -
Answers✔Thoracic
Neuroforamen - Answers✔Opening w/in the spinal canal for nerve roots to enter the SC
Firm outer layer of the disc - Answers✔Annulus fibrosis
Syrinx - Answers✔Fluid-filled cavity @ center of the SC
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Spinal cord ends @ the level btwn: - Answers✔L1-L2 vertebrae (Conus Medullaris)
Blood supply to the SC consists of: - Answers✔1 ASA for both MEP tracts
Hydrostatic pressure - Answers✔Depends on body position
Structural functional anatomy may be altered by: - Answers✔Previous lesions, current,
plasticity, pressure
Glia cell - Answers✔Comes from the Greek word "glue"
Large diameter nerve fiber (vs. small diameter) - Answers✔-Recruited 1st w/ INC'd stim
intensity
-Higher conduction velocity
-More vulnerable to hypoxia & pressure Δ's
Synaptic transmission, and/or Δ's in thalamocortical projections, produce - Answers✔Cortical
potentials
Peripheral nerve sensitivity - Answers✔Least sensitive to injury (more sensitive = SC grey/white
mater, cortical grey matter)
Cavernous angiomas - Answers✔Multi-lobulated lesions containing hemorrhage
Geriatric population: prevalence of temporal bone hyperostosis - Answers✔10-15%
Presbycusis - Answers✔High freq hearing loss; gradually occurs in older individuals
Most commonly injured CN - Answers✔Facial nerve (VII)
Burst fracture - Answers✔-Break in the vertebra
-Failure of anterior & middle vertebral columns
-Caused by violent compressive event (fall, MVA)
Excessive neck flexion in sitting position - Answers✔Quadraparesis (due to ischemia in upper T-
spine)
Lhermittes Sign - Answers✔Shocking sensation that occurs throughout the body during neck
flexion
Central Cord Syndrome (CCS) - Answers✔-Sacral sparing
-Loss of sensory/motor fx @ level of injury
-Disruption of grey matter
(+) Babinski Sign could indicate - Answers✔-severe [UMN] SC trauma
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-abnml PTN SSEPs
Hoffman's Reflex (1918) - Answers✔Palmar flexion of the thumb when the distal phalanx of the
middle finger (of the same hand) is rapidly stroked
A nml curve of the lumbar spine taking place @ 1-2 y/o - Answers✔Kyphosis
Scoliosis progression in peds - Answers✔More likely in girls > boys
Apraxia - Answers✔Difficulty w/ skilled mvmnts
Neurapraxia - Answers✔PNS disorder: blockage of sensory + motor nerve conduction (w/o
axonal damage)
INC venous pressure leads to - Answers✔-venous congestion; DEC drainage of nml veins;
chronic hypoxia
-NOT hypotension
common source of air embolism introduction into the blood supply - Answers✔Superior sagittal
sinus
MAC is approximated by the effect of anesthesia on - Answers✔H-reflex (mvmnt when
stimulated)
Sevo/Des/N2O - Answers✔DO NOT act on the same neuronal receptors
On an equi-MAC basis (w/ equivalent doses of anes), which has the greatest effect on MEPs of
recorded mm's? - Answers✔N2O
N2O - Answers✔-synergistic IONM effects when mixed w/ Iso --> depressed IONM
-weak anesthetic agent
-causes ~75% DEC in SSEP amplitudes
Desflurane - Answers✔-affects NMJ --> enhances effect of NMBs
-no effect on MEP CMAPs
-eliminates most rapidly
Isoflurane 1.7% - Answers✔may result in burst suppression
TIVA MoA on pt mvmnt - Answers✔Glycine receptor blocking in the SC
Which is not a major MoA of the usual anesthetic agents that affect IONM? -
Answers✔Inhibition of nerve conduction velocity
EP modality most affected by propofol - Answers✔Mid-latency auditory response
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
2024 Newest|CNIM - ABRET Practice Exam
Questions|2024-2025
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE
FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE
Cavities inside the skull - Answers✔Anterior/middle/posterior fossa
Cranial bones - Answers✔Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid (unpaired). Parietal & temporal
(paired).
Mental protuberance - Answers✔chin bone
MCA supply of the cerebral cortex - Answers✔Hand + face/mouth/auditory
Cranial nerves - Answers✔-12 pairs (Mixed fibers: sensory/motor/both).
-Emerge @ irregular intervals from the brain.
-Nuclei displacement:
Motor = medial Sensory = lateral
Meckle's Cave - Answers✔Depression in the medial middle fossa where CN V ganglion sits
Low frequency sounds - Answers✔@ apex of cochlea
Area of spine w/ small pedicles, long spinous process, large inter-vertebral foramen -
Answers✔Thoracic
Neuroforamen - Answers✔Opening w/in the spinal canal for nerve roots to enter the SC
Firm outer layer of the disc - Answers✔Annulus fibrosis
Syrinx - Answers✔Fluid-filled cavity @ center of the SC
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Spinal cord ends @ the level btwn: - Answers✔L1-L2 vertebrae (Conus Medullaris)
Blood supply to the SC consists of: - Answers✔1 ASA for both MEP tracts
Hydrostatic pressure - Answers✔Depends on body position
Structural functional anatomy may be altered by: - Answers✔Previous lesions, current,
plasticity, pressure
Glia cell - Answers✔Comes from the Greek word "glue"
Large diameter nerve fiber (vs. small diameter) - Answers✔-Recruited 1st w/ INC'd stim
intensity
-Higher conduction velocity
-More vulnerable to hypoxia & pressure Δ's
Synaptic transmission, and/or Δ's in thalamocortical projections, produce - Answers✔Cortical
potentials
Peripheral nerve sensitivity - Answers✔Least sensitive to injury (more sensitive = SC grey/white
mater, cortical grey matter)
Cavernous angiomas - Answers✔Multi-lobulated lesions containing hemorrhage
Geriatric population: prevalence of temporal bone hyperostosis - Answers✔10-15%
Presbycusis - Answers✔High freq hearing loss; gradually occurs in older individuals
Most commonly injured CN - Answers✔Facial nerve (VII)
Burst fracture - Answers✔-Break in the vertebra
-Failure of anterior & middle vertebral columns
-Caused by violent compressive event (fall, MVA)
Excessive neck flexion in sitting position - Answers✔Quadraparesis (due to ischemia in upper T-
spine)
Lhermittes Sign - Answers✔Shocking sensation that occurs throughout the body during neck
flexion
Central Cord Syndrome (CCS) - Answers✔-Sacral sparing
-Loss of sensory/motor fx @ level of injury
-Disruption of grey matter
(+) Babinski Sign could indicate - Answers✔-severe [UMN] SC trauma
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-abnml PTN SSEPs
Hoffman's Reflex (1918) - Answers✔Palmar flexion of the thumb when the distal phalanx of the
middle finger (of the same hand) is rapidly stroked
A nml curve of the lumbar spine taking place @ 1-2 y/o - Answers✔Kyphosis
Scoliosis progression in peds - Answers✔More likely in girls > boys
Apraxia - Answers✔Difficulty w/ skilled mvmnts
Neurapraxia - Answers✔PNS disorder: blockage of sensory + motor nerve conduction (w/o
axonal damage)
INC venous pressure leads to - Answers✔-venous congestion; DEC drainage of nml veins;
chronic hypoxia
-NOT hypotension
common source of air embolism introduction into the blood supply - Answers✔Superior sagittal
sinus
MAC is approximated by the effect of anesthesia on - Answers✔H-reflex (mvmnt when
stimulated)
Sevo/Des/N2O - Answers✔DO NOT act on the same neuronal receptors
On an equi-MAC basis (w/ equivalent doses of anes), which has the greatest effect on MEPs of
recorded mm's? - Answers✔N2O
N2O - Answers✔-synergistic IONM effects when mixed w/ Iso --> depressed IONM
-weak anesthetic agent
-causes ~75% DEC in SSEP amplitudes
Desflurane - Answers✔-affects NMJ --> enhances effect of NMBs
-no effect on MEP CMAPs
-eliminates most rapidly
Isoflurane 1.7% - Answers✔may result in burst suppression
TIVA MoA on pt mvmnt - Answers✔Glycine receptor blocking in the SC
Which is not a major MoA of the usual anesthetic agents that affect IONM? -
Answers✔Inhibition of nerve conduction velocity
EP modality most affected by propofol - Answers✔Mid-latency auditory response
