1. List the 7 most widely accepted characteristics of living organisms.
(1) Order, (2) Evolutionary Adaptation, (3) Regulation, (4)
Energy Processing, (5) Growth and Development, (6)
Response to the Environment, and (7) Reproduction.
2. Describe evolutionary adaptation and give an example.
Evolutionary adaptation, often called generational evolution, specifically
refers to smaller, genetic changes that allow for better survival of an
organism. For instance, consider camouflage. Animals that are properly
camouflaged within their given environment will, theoretically, survive
longer and can thus reproduce more. Coat (such as fur) color genes with the
greatest survival rate will be strengthened and amplified within the
population. Over time, more and more animals will inherit these colors until
most of a population has the adaptive camouflage that allows for optimum
survival.
3. What is an adaptation? What characteristic of life would an adaptation fall
into?
An adaptation is a change over time that allows an organism to survive
better within its environment. E.g. Camouflage
4. Discuss the difference between a regulatory process and an adaptation.
Regulatory processes are the processes that a living organism carries out to
maintain deviations from critical physiologic set points. An adaptation is a
change over time that allows an organism to survive better within its
environment.
5. Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves 2 gametes, fusion of these gives a genetically
different offspring. Asexual reproduction involves one genetic material that
divides and gives an identical offspring.
6. Fill in the blank:
Gram bacteria has a layer of peptidoglycan in their cell
wall.
Positive; thick
Negative; thin
7. A group of one particular species living within defined boundaries of a
community best describes a(n):
Population
8. A system of living and non-living things in a region best describes a(n):
ecosystem
, 9. Individual living members of a population best describes
a(n): organism
10. What are the 3 domains that comprise the Linnaean Classification system?
(1) Archaea, (2) Eubacteria, and (3) Eukarya
11. What is the purpose of a phylogenic tree?
Mapping relationships between the taxa.
12. True or False: Extremophiles are a small sub-set of the Archaea domain that
live in extreme environments.
True
13. Bacteria that neither benefits from nor harms its host and are often part of
the human flora are considered:
Commensal
14. Multiple Choice:
A relationship between two organisms in which there is mutual benefit for both
of them is best described as:
Mutualism
15. Fill in the blank
Bacteria that cause illness through the production of exotoxins and
endotoxins are considered .
Pathogenic
16. Describe what an exotoxin is and give an example.
Exotoxins are proteins that are secreted by the bacterial cell. Vibrio cholera is
an example.
17. Describe what an endotoxin is and give an example.
Endotoxins are present inside the cell or can be the lipopolysaccharide
components of the outer membrane of some bacteria (Gram-negative).
Importantly, these toxins are only released upon the death of the bacterial
cell when the cell wall begins to decompose. Salmonella is an example.
18. Describe what a symbiotic relationship looks like between two organisms.
A symbiotic relationship is a long-term relationship between two organisms
in which one or both organisms benefit from the paired interaction.
19. What are the 4 main Eukaryote Kingdoms?
(1) Fungi, (2) Protista, (3) Plantae, and (4) Animalia
(1) Order, (2) Evolutionary Adaptation, (3) Regulation, (4)
Energy Processing, (5) Growth and Development, (6)
Response to the Environment, and (7) Reproduction.
2. Describe evolutionary adaptation and give an example.
Evolutionary adaptation, often called generational evolution, specifically
refers to smaller, genetic changes that allow for better survival of an
organism. For instance, consider camouflage. Animals that are properly
camouflaged within their given environment will, theoretically, survive
longer and can thus reproduce more. Coat (such as fur) color genes with the
greatest survival rate will be strengthened and amplified within the
population. Over time, more and more animals will inherit these colors until
most of a population has the adaptive camouflage that allows for optimum
survival.
3. What is an adaptation? What characteristic of life would an adaptation fall
into?
An adaptation is a change over time that allows an organism to survive
better within its environment. E.g. Camouflage
4. Discuss the difference between a regulatory process and an adaptation.
Regulatory processes are the processes that a living organism carries out to
maintain deviations from critical physiologic set points. An adaptation is a
change over time that allows an organism to survive better within its
environment.
5. Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves 2 gametes, fusion of these gives a genetically
different offspring. Asexual reproduction involves one genetic material that
divides and gives an identical offspring.
6. Fill in the blank:
Gram bacteria has a layer of peptidoglycan in their cell
wall.
Positive; thick
Negative; thin
7. A group of one particular species living within defined boundaries of a
community best describes a(n):
Population
8. A system of living and non-living things in a region best describes a(n):
ecosystem
, 9. Individual living members of a population best describes
a(n): organism
10. What are the 3 domains that comprise the Linnaean Classification system?
(1) Archaea, (2) Eubacteria, and (3) Eukarya
11. What is the purpose of a phylogenic tree?
Mapping relationships between the taxa.
12. True or False: Extremophiles are a small sub-set of the Archaea domain that
live in extreme environments.
True
13. Bacteria that neither benefits from nor harms its host and are often part of
the human flora are considered:
Commensal
14. Multiple Choice:
A relationship between two organisms in which there is mutual benefit for both
of them is best described as:
Mutualism
15. Fill in the blank
Bacteria that cause illness through the production of exotoxins and
endotoxins are considered .
Pathogenic
16. Describe what an exotoxin is and give an example.
Exotoxins are proteins that are secreted by the bacterial cell. Vibrio cholera is
an example.
17. Describe what an endotoxin is and give an example.
Endotoxins are present inside the cell or can be the lipopolysaccharide
components of the outer membrane of some bacteria (Gram-negative).
Importantly, these toxins are only released upon the death of the bacterial
cell when the cell wall begins to decompose. Salmonella is an example.
18. Describe what a symbiotic relationship looks like between two organisms.
A symbiotic relationship is a long-term relationship between two organisms
in which one or both organisms benefit from the paired interaction.
19. What are the 4 main Eukaryote Kingdoms?
(1) Fungi, (2) Protista, (3) Plantae, and (4) Animalia
