1|Page
USAHS NEUROSCIENCE EXAMS NEWEST 2024 WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS (DETAILED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+ 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS!!!
Network of neurons regulating arousal and
consciousness. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Reticular
Formation
In addition to alertness, what is another function of
serotonin? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ mood elevation
What would you expect to see if your pt has Horners
Syndrome? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Droopy eyelid, small
pupil, and decreased sweating on ipsilateral face
Your pt has alternating hemiplegia with paralysis and
sensory loss on the right side of the body and left
paralysis of the tongue. Which area of the brainstem do
you suspect the stroke has occured? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Left open medulla
,2|Page
Pathway for light reflex - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ retina -
> optic nerve -> optic chiasm (depends) -> optic tract -
> pretectal nucleus -> edinger westphal nucleus ->
parasympathetic fibers of CNIII -> ciliary ganglion ->
pupillary constrictor muscle
visual field temporal range - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 80-
90 degrees
visual field nasal range - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 50-60
degrees
visual field superior range - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 50-
60 degrees
VOR (vestibulo-ocular reflex) - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
stabilizes gaze during head movement
OKN (optokinetic nystagmus) - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
eye movement tracking a moving object
complete paralysis except for eye movements caused
by pontine lesions - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Locked in
syndrome
,3|Page
damage above the red nucleus - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
Decorticate posturing
damage below the red nucleus - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
decerebrate posturing
visual field inferior range - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 60-75
degrees
Neural pathways involved in maintaining alertness. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Arousal Circuitry
Release norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine for
arousal. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Upper Brainstem
Neurons
Involved in alertness; projects to thalamus and cortex. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Pontomesencephalic Reticular
Formation
Release acetylcholine; project to cerebral cortex. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Basal Forebrain Neurons
, 4|Page
Stages 1-4; progressively deeper sleep without rapid
eye movement. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Non-REM Sleep
Stage 5; characterized by dreaming and muscle atonia.
- ....ANSWER ....✔✔ REM Sleep
Cardiorespiratory nucleus in the medulla; regulates
respiration. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Nucleus Solitarius
Control non-REM sleep stages from raphe nuclei. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Sertonergic Neurons
Control REM sleep from locus coeruleus. - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Noradrenergic Neurons
Loss of coordination; often due to brainstem lesions. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Ataxia
Drooping eyelid and constricted pupil; indicates neural
damage. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Horner's Syndrome
USAHS NEUROSCIENCE EXAMS NEWEST 2024 WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS (DETAILED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+ 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS!!!
Network of neurons regulating arousal and
consciousness. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Reticular
Formation
In addition to alertness, what is another function of
serotonin? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ mood elevation
What would you expect to see if your pt has Horners
Syndrome? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Droopy eyelid, small
pupil, and decreased sweating on ipsilateral face
Your pt has alternating hemiplegia with paralysis and
sensory loss on the right side of the body and left
paralysis of the tongue. Which area of the brainstem do
you suspect the stroke has occured? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Left open medulla
,2|Page
Pathway for light reflex - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ retina -
> optic nerve -> optic chiasm (depends) -> optic tract -
> pretectal nucleus -> edinger westphal nucleus ->
parasympathetic fibers of CNIII -> ciliary ganglion ->
pupillary constrictor muscle
visual field temporal range - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 80-
90 degrees
visual field nasal range - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 50-60
degrees
visual field superior range - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 50-
60 degrees
VOR (vestibulo-ocular reflex) - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
stabilizes gaze during head movement
OKN (optokinetic nystagmus) - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
eye movement tracking a moving object
complete paralysis except for eye movements caused
by pontine lesions - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Locked in
syndrome
,3|Page
damage above the red nucleus - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
Decorticate posturing
damage below the red nucleus - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
decerebrate posturing
visual field inferior range - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 60-75
degrees
Neural pathways involved in maintaining alertness. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Arousal Circuitry
Release norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine for
arousal. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Upper Brainstem
Neurons
Involved in alertness; projects to thalamus and cortex. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Pontomesencephalic Reticular
Formation
Release acetylcholine; project to cerebral cortex. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Basal Forebrain Neurons
, 4|Page
Stages 1-4; progressively deeper sleep without rapid
eye movement. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Non-REM Sleep
Stage 5; characterized by dreaming and muscle atonia.
- ....ANSWER ....✔✔ REM Sleep
Cardiorespiratory nucleus in the medulla; regulates
respiration. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Nucleus Solitarius
Control non-REM sleep stages from raphe nuclei. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Sertonergic Neurons
Control REM sleep from locus coeruleus. - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Noradrenergic Neurons
Loss of coordination; often due to brainstem lesions. -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ Ataxia
Drooping eyelid and constricted pupil; indicates neural
damage. - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Horner's Syndrome
