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Samenvatting Wiskunde voor Economen Module 4– Rijen en limieten van rijen

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Deze module introduceert stap voor stap het idee van een rij: een opeenvolging van getallen die wordt beschreven door een formule (

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Samenvatting Module 4 – Rijen en limieten
van rijen



§1. Rijen
Definitie. Een rij in R is een functie

x:N→R: n 7→ x(n) = xn .

De grafiek van een rij bestaat uit stippen (n, xn ). Om de leesbaarheid te verbeteren worden
de stippen soms met lijnen verbonden, maar die lijnen bevatten geen extra informatie.
Notatie. We schrijven x(n) = xn , (xn )n∈N en x0 , x1 , x2 , . . . . Soms start men bij 1:
(xn )n∈N0 of x1 , x2 , x3 , . . .
Voorbeelden.
 
1
n
= 1, 12 , 31 , . . . ; (1 + 2n) = 1, 3, 5, 7, . . . ; (2n ) = 1, 2, 4, 8, . . .


Definiëren van rijen
• Opsomming: handig als het patroon duidelijk is, bv. 1, 3, 5, 7, . . .

• Expliciete formule: bv. xn = 2n + 1

• Recursieve definitie: startwaarde en overgangsregel, bv. xn+1 = xn + 2 met x0 = 1


Rekenkundige rijen
Een rekenkundige rij heeft de vorm

xn = a + vn,

en recursief xn+1 = xn + v met x0 = a.
Voorbeeld: jaarlijks voegt oma K euro toe aan een sok met startkapitaal K0 :

Kn = K0 + nK.

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