Auburn University

first checkpoint of B cell development - Answer selects for functional heavy chain using the pre-BCR checks for structural integrity of heavy chain second checkpoint of B cell development - Answer selects for functional light chain using the BCR BTK (bruton's tyrosine kinase) - Answer enzyme required for growth and differentiation of pre-B cells important for both checkpoints receptor editing - Answer negative selection process by which the immature B cell continues to ...

primary vs secondary immunodeficiency diseases - Answer primary: inherited defects in components of the immune system secondary: caused by environmental factors such as suppressive drugs or infections Types of primary immunodeficiency - Answer 1. dominant: patents inherit one defective and one normal allele 2. recessive: only manifest in patients who inherit the defective allele from both parents 3. X-linked: caused by recessive defects in genes on the X chromosome defects of IL-2...

Lymphocytes - Answer B cells and T cells; active immunity Myeloids - Answer macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells; innate immunity Leukocytes - Answer cells of the immune system (lymphocytes and myeloids) Cytokines/interleukins - Answer communication between leukocytes, amplify immune response Innate immune system - Answer involves macrophages, dendritic cells, etc. no memory, fast reaction Adaptive immune system - Answer involves B cells and T cells, has me...

Where do B and T lymphocytes originate? - Answer bone marrow What characterizes the pre-B-cell stage in B-cell development? - Answer -expression of the pre-BCR -rearrangement of light chain genes -proliferation What characterizes the pro-B-cell stage in B-cell development? - Answer commitment to the B-cell lineage How does allelic exclusion prevent multiple heavy-chain rearrangements from occurring in pre-B cells? - Answer RAG1 and RAG2 are downregulated, and TdT activity ...

What are the definitions of anatomy and physiology? - Answer anatomy: the study of body structures, their shape/form defines their function physiology: the study of body function; keeps body at set pt - the two are intertwined 6 basic life processes - Answer 1. Metabolism 2. Responsiveness 3. Movement 4. Growth 5. Differentiation/specialization 6. Reproduction(of genes) 2M, 2R, GD metabolism - Answer the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body - catabolism:...

Recording channel components (3) - Answer 1. Sensing device 2. Processor (has coupler and amplifier) 3. Recorder/producer one type of sensing device - Answer transducer Sensing Device - Answer A device that picks up information from the experimental set up. Transducer - Answer A device which transforms data or transduces a non-electrical signal into an electrical signal that the computer can understand. (type of sensing device) -Convert one form of energy to another (mechanical ...

Recording channel components (3) - Answer 1. Sensing device 2. Processor (has coupler and amplifier) 3. Recorder/producer one type of sensing device - Answer transducer Sensing Device - Answer A device that picks up information from the experimental set up. Transducer - Answer A device which transforms data or transduces a non-electrical signal into an electrical signal that the computer can understand. (type of sensing device) -Convert one form of energy to another (mechanical ...

C. the study of the function of living processes - Answer Physiology, in its broadest sense, is defined as: A. the study of structure and function of the organ systems B. the study of how animals’ function C. the study of the function of living processes D. the study of function of cells E. the study of how animals adapt to their environments B. symporters - Answer Trans-membrane proteins that function to transport two or more substances in the same direction across the membrane ...

O2 pathway - Answer environment air --> lungs --> blood --> tissue --> mitochondria CO2 pathway - Answer mitochondria --> tissue --> blood --> lungs --> environment air external respiration - Answer exchange of gas between the air in the lungs and the blood gas transport by blood - Answer transport of oxygen to the body cells and the return of carbon dioxide internal respiration - Answer exchange of gases between blood and body cells cellular...

What are the steps of respiration? (following O2 and then following CO2) - Answer 1) O2 from Environment air to the lung 2) Transport of O2 from the lung to the blood 3) Transport of O2 from blood to the tissue 4) Transport of O2 from the tissue to the mitochondria where cellular respiration takes place -Following CO2 is just the exact opposite starting with the decarboxylation in the TCA cycle external respiration - Answer exchanging O2/CO2 between air in lungs and blood gas trans...