1|Page
SFSU BIOL 212 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
When a monovalent cation channel is opened in a resting cell,
which of the following is TRUE?
a) Potassium moves faster than sodium because the membrane
is more permeable to potassium
b) Sodium moves fast than potassium because of both sodium's
concentration and electrical gradients
c) Potassium moves faster than sodium because potassium is
closer to equilibrium
d) Sodium moves faster than potassium because the sodium
concentration gradient is steeper than the potassium
concentration gradient - ANSWER-Sodium moves fast than
potassium because of both sodium's concentration and electrical
gradients
Which of the following characteristics of an action potential is
NOT a direct result of the membrane being refractory?
a) the fact that action potentials do not summate
,2|Page
b) the magnitude of hyperpolarization seen at the end of the
action potential
c) the maximum frequency of action potentials
d) the unidirectional propagation of action potentials in a motor
neuron - ANSWER-the magnitude of hyperpolarization seen at the
end of the action potential
Paxil and Prozac are SSRIs, which help treat depression by:
a) acting as serotonin antagonists
b) increasing serotonin release by the pre-synaptic neuron
c) slowing or blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic
cleft
d) enzymatically degrading serotonin in the synaptic cleft -
ANSWER-slowing or blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the
synaptic cleft
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a) Graded potentials can sum over time but action potentials
cannot
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b) Graded potentials do not have refractory periods, but action
potentials do
c) Graded potentials and action potentials are all-or-none
d) Graded potentials and action potentials can change the
membrane potential of adjacent areas
e) Graded potentials and action potentials can change the
membrane potential of adjacent areas of the membrane through
localized current flow - ANSWER-Graded potentials and action
potentials are all-or-none
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels.
Which of the following would be blocked by TTX?
a) Channels in the post-synaptic membrane in an excitatory
synapse
b) channels in the axon hillock
c) channels in the post-synaptic membrane in an inhibitory
synapse
d) both a), and b), but not c)
e) a), b), and c) are all correct - ANSWER-channels in the axon
hillock
, 4|Page
Which of the following axons would have the fastest conduction
velocity?
a) diameter = 25 microns; myelinated
b) diameter = 25 microns; unmyelinated
c) diameter = 10 microns, myelinated
d) diameter = 10 microns, unmyelinated - ANSWER-diameter =
25 microns; myelinated
Stimuli A and B are both above-threshold stimuli that last for one
second, but stimulus A is stronger. Which of the following
statements is true?
a) Only stimulus A can produce an action potential
b) The action potential produced by stimulus A will be larger than
that produced by stimulus B
c) The action potential produced by stimulus A will of longer
duration than that produced by stimulus B
d) Stimulus A will cause a higher frequency of action potentials
e) A single action potential will be produced by both stimulus A
and stimulus B. The action potentials produced from each
SFSU BIOL 212 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
When a monovalent cation channel is opened in a resting cell,
which of the following is TRUE?
a) Potassium moves faster than sodium because the membrane
is more permeable to potassium
b) Sodium moves fast than potassium because of both sodium's
concentration and electrical gradients
c) Potassium moves faster than sodium because potassium is
closer to equilibrium
d) Sodium moves faster than potassium because the sodium
concentration gradient is steeper than the potassium
concentration gradient - ANSWER-Sodium moves fast than
potassium because of both sodium's concentration and electrical
gradients
Which of the following characteristics of an action potential is
NOT a direct result of the membrane being refractory?
a) the fact that action potentials do not summate
,2|Page
b) the magnitude of hyperpolarization seen at the end of the
action potential
c) the maximum frequency of action potentials
d) the unidirectional propagation of action potentials in a motor
neuron - ANSWER-the magnitude of hyperpolarization seen at the
end of the action potential
Paxil and Prozac are SSRIs, which help treat depression by:
a) acting as serotonin antagonists
b) increasing serotonin release by the pre-synaptic neuron
c) slowing or blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic
cleft
d) enzymatically degrading serotonin in the synaptic cleft -
ANSWER-slowing or blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the
synaptic cleft
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a) Graded potentials can sum over time but action potentials
cannot
,3|Page
b) Graded potentials do not have refractory periods, but action
potentials do
c) Graded potentials and action potentials are all-or-none
d) Graded potentials and action potentials can change the
membrane potential of adjacent areas
e) Graded potentials and action potentials can change the
membrane potential of adjacent areas of the membrane through
localized current flow - ANSWER-Graded potentials and action
potentials are all-or-none
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels.
Which of the following would be blocked by TTX?
a) Channels in the post-synaptic membrane in an excitatory
synapse
b) channels in the axon hillock
c) channels in the post-synaptic membrane in an inhibitory
synapse
d) both a), and b), but not c)
e) a), b), and c) are all correct - ANSWER-channels in the axon
hillock
, 4|Page
Which of the following axons would have the fastest conduction
velocity?
a) diameter = 25 microns; myelinated
b) diameter = 25 microns; unmyelinated
c) diameter = 10 microns, myelinated
d) diameter = 10 microns, unmyelinated - ANSWER-diameter =
25 microns; myelinated
Stimuli A and B are both above-threshold stimuli that last for one
second, but stimulus A is stronger. Which of the following
statements is true?
a) Only stimulus A can produce an action potential
b) The action potential produced by stimulus A will be larger than
that produced by stimulus B
c) The action potential produced by stimulus A will of longer
duration than that produced by stimulus B
d) Stimulus A will cause a higher frequency of action potentials
e) A single action potential will be produced by both stimulus A
and stimulus B. The action potentials produced from each
