API 580 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Absolute |Risk |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |ideal |and |accurate |description |and |quantification |of |
risk.
Acceptable |Risk |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |level |of |risk |that |is |acceptable |to |the |owner-user.
As |low |as |reasonably |achievable |(ALARA) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |concept |of |minimization |
that |postulates |that |attributes |(such |as |risk) |can |only |be |reduced |to |a |certain |minimum |under |
current |technology |and |with |reasonable |cost.
Components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Parts |that |make |up |a |piece |of |equipment |or |equipment |
item. |For |example |a |pressure |boundary |may |consist |of |components |(pipe, |elbows, |nipples, |
heads, |shells, |nozzles, |stiffening |rings, |skirts, |supports, |etc.) |that |are |bolted |or |welded |into |
assembles |to |make |up |equipment |items.
Consequence |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |outcome |from |an |event. |There |may |be |one |or |more
|consequences |from |an |event. |Consequences |may |range |from |positive |to |negative. |However, |
consequences |are |always |negative |for |safety |aspects. |Consequences |may |be |expressed |
qualitatively |or |quantitatively.
Corrosion |Specialist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |qualified |person |in |the |specific |process |
chemistries, |corrosion |degradation |mechanisms, |materials |selection, |corrosion |mitigation |
methods, |corrosion |monitoring |techniques, |and |their |impact |on |pressure |equipment.
Cost-effective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |activity |that |is |both |effective |in |resolving |an |issue |
(e.g. |some |form |of |mitigation) |and |is |a |financially |sound |use |of |resources.
, Damage |(or |deterioration) |Mechanism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |process |that |induces |micro |
and/or |macro |material |changes |over |time |that |are |harmful |to |the |material |condition |or |
mechanical |properties. |Damage |mechanisms |are |usually |incremental, |cumulative, |and, |in |
some |instances, |unrecoverable. |Common |damage |mechanisms |include |corrosion, |stress |
corrosion |cracking, |creep, |erosion, |fatigue, |fracture, |and |thermal |aging.
Damage |(or |deterioration) |Mode |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |physical |manifestation |of |
damage |(e.g. |wall |thinning, |pitting, |cracking, |rupture).
Damage |Tolerance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |amount |of |deterioration |that |a |component |
can |withstand |without |failing.
Design |Premise |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Assumptions |made |during |the |design |(e.g. |design |life |
and |corrosion |allowance |needed.)
Deterioration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |reduction |in |the |ability |of |a |component |to |provide |
its |intended |purpose |of |containment |of |fluids. |This |can |be |caused |by |various |damage |
mechanisms |(e.g. |thinning, |cracking, |mechanical). |Damage |or |degradation |may |be |used |in |
place |of |deterioration.
Equipment |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |individual |item |that |is |part |of |a |system. |Examples |
include |pressure |vessels, |relief |devices, |piping, |boilers, |and |heaters.
Event |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Occurrence |of |a |particular |set |of |circumstances. |The |event |may
|be |certain |or |uncertain. |The |event |can |be |singular |or |multiple. |The |probability |of |an |event |
occurring |within |a |given |period |of |time |can |be |estimated.
Event |Tree |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |analytical |tool |that |organizes |and |characterizes |
potential |occurrences |in |a |logical |and |graphical |manner |and |shows |the |events |relationship |to |
each |other. |The |event |tree |begins |with |the |identification |of |potential |initiating |events. |
ANSWERS
Absolute |Risk |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |ideal |and |accurate |description |and |quantification |of |
risk.
Acceptable |Risk |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |level |of |risk |that |is |acceptable |to |the |owner-user.
As |low |as |reasonably |achievable |(ALARA) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |concept |of |minimization |
that |postulates |that |attributes |(such |as |risk) |can |only |be |reduced |to |a |certain |minimum |under |
current |technology |and |with |reasonable |cost.
Components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Parts |that |make |up |a |piece |of |equipment |or |equipment |
item. |For |example |a |pressure |boundary |may |consist |of |components |(pipe, |elbows, |nipples, |
heads, |shells, |nozzles, |stiffening |rings, |skirts, |supports, |etc.) |that |are |bolted |or |welded |into |
assembles |to |make |up |equipment |items.
Consequence |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |outcome |from |an |event. |There |may |be |one |or |more
|consequences |from |an |event. |Consequences |may |range |from |positive |to |negative. |However, |
consequences |are |always |negative |for |safety |aspects. |Consequences |may |be |expressed |
qualitatively |or |quantitatively.
Corrosion |Specialist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |qualified |person |in |the |specific |process |
chemistries, |corrosion |degradation |mechanisms, |materials |selection, |corrosion |mitigation |
methods, |corrosion |monitoring |techniques, |and |their |impact |on |pressure |equipment.
Cost-effective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |activity |that |is |both |effective |in |resolving |an |issue |
(e.g. |some |form |of |mitigation) |and |is |a |financially |sound |use |of |resources.
, Damage |(or |deterioration) |Mechanism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |process |that |induces |micro |
and/or |macro |material |changes |over |time |that |are |harmful |to |the |material |condition |or |
mechanical |properties. |Damage |mechanisms |are |usually |incremental, |cumulative, |and, |in |
some |instances, |unrecoverable. |Common |damage |mechanisms |include |corrosion, |stress |
corrosion |cracking, |creep, |erosion, |fatigue, |fracture, |and |thermal |aging.
Damage |(or |deterioration) |Mode |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |physical |manifestation |of |
damage |(e.g. |wall |thinning, |pitting, |cracking, |rupture).
Damage |Tolerance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |amount |of |deterioration |that |a |component |
can |withstand |without |failing.
Design |Premise |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Assumptions |made |during |the |design |(e.g. |design |life |
and |corrosion |allowance |needed.)
Deterioration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |reduction |in |the |ability |of |a |component |to |provide |
its |intended |purpose |of |containment |of |fluids. |This |can |be |caused |by |various |damage |
mechanisms |(e.g. |thinning, |cracking, |mechanical). |Damage |or |degradation |may |be |used |in |
place |of |deterioration.
Equipment |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |individual |item |that |is |part |of |a |system. |Examples |
include |pressure |vessels, |relief |devices, |piping, |boilers, |and |heaters.
Event |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Occurrence |of |a |particular |set |of |circumstances. |The |event |may
|be |certain |or |uncertain. |The |event |can |be |singular |or |multiple. |The |probability |of |an |event |
occurring |within |a |given |period |of |time |can |be |estimated.
Event |Tree |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |analytical |tool |that |organizes |and |characterizes |
potential |occurrences |in |a |logical |and |graphical |manner |and |shows |the |events |relationship |to |
each |other. |The |event |tree |begins |with |the |identification |of |potential |initiating |events. |
