Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system.: Ganglia
1.This part of the autonomic system increases digestion.: Parasympathetic
2.The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons?: Motor (Efferent)
3.This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.: Axon
4.An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the:: Central nervous system
5.Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters.: The neuron cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in
secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals.
6.An afferent neuron carries information:: From the peripheral to the central nervous system 8. What is the location and function of
Astrocytes?: Astrocytes form the blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
9. A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the patient be expected to
regrow axons in their thumb?
Why or why not?: Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal regeneration because of the growth of
Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
10. Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. Include the charge of the
membrane during this phase.: De-
polarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
11. At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:: -70mV
12. Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?: The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside
of the membrane.
13. True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the strength of the action potential is
weaker than usual. Explain
your reasoning.: False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated change the increase in
intensity.
14. Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction?: Ach is released from the presynaptic motor
neuron to cause an action potential in the muscle fiber.
15. How is a message sent from one neuron to another?: A signal travels from the cell body
, .
through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message
to the dendrite of the next neuron, and the process begins again.
16 What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone?: Dopamine
17. In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system.: Sensory
(afferent)
18. This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses.: The integration center
19. What is true about the stretch reflex?: The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle.
20. What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?: It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
21. Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include
any sensory organs
involved and the action of the reflex.: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon) Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
22. Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease
experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur.: Acetylcholine triggers
the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle
contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
23. This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.: Pia Mater
24. The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.: transverse median
25. Describe the function of the brain ventricles.: The brain ventricles are located inside the brain and produce and store cerebral
spinal fluid
26. ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except:: Filters out unimportant
sensory information
27. What is the largest portion of the brain?: cerebrum
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system.: Ganglia
1.This part of the autonomic system increases digestion.: Parasympathetic
2.The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons?: Motor (Efferent)
3.This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.: Axon
4.An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the:: Central nervous system
5.Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters.: The neuron cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in
secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals.
6.An afferent neuron carries information:: From the peripheral to the central nervous system 8. What is the location and function of
Astrocytes?: Astrocytes form the blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
9. A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the patient be expected to
regrow axons in their thumb?
Why or why not?: Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal regeneration because of the growth of
Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
10. Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. Include the charge of the
membrane during this phase.: De-
polarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
11. At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:: -70mV
12. Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?: The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside
of the membrane.
13. True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the strength of the action potential is
weaker than usual. Explain
your reasoning.: False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated change the increase in
intensity.
14. Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction?: Ach is released from the presynaptic motor
neuron to cause an action potential in the muscle fiber.
15. How is a message sent from one neuron to another?: A signal travels from the cell body
, .
through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message
to the dendrite of the next neuron, and the process begins again.
16 What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone?: Dopamine
17. In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system.: Sensory
(afferent)
18. This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses.: The integration center
19. What is true about the stretch reflex?: The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle.
20. What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?: It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
21. Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include
any sensory organs
involved and the action of the reflex.: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon) Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
22. Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease
experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur.: Acetylcholine triggers
the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle
contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
23. This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.: Pia Mater
24. The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.: transverse median
25. Describe the function of the brain ventricles.: The brain ventricles are located inside the brain and produce and store cerebral
spinal fluid
26. ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except:: Filters out unimportant
sensory information
27. What is the largest portion of the brain?: cerebrum
