ESTUDYR
BIOL252: Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab 2025
Module 8 Exam Review – Fluid, Electrolyte, and
Acid-Base Balance (Practice NCLEX-Style
Questions)
Section 1: Fluid Balance and Hydration
Question 1
How does proper fluid balance directly influence electrolyte balance in the body?
A. By enhancing the secretion of hormones that degrade electrolytes
B. By completely preventing the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys
C. Through the suppression of kidney function
D. By only increasing the concentration of potassium in the extracellular fluid
✅E. The amount of fluid in a compartment will affect the distribution and concentration of
electrolytes
Rationale: Electrolyte concentration is directly influenced by the volume of fluid in a
compartment; more water dilutes electrolytes, and less water concentrates them.
Question 2
Proper fluid balance is necessary to maintain optimal cellular functioning by ensuring that cells
are adequately hydrated, which supports enzymatic reactions, nutrient uptake, and waste
removal.
✅A. True
B. False
Rationale: Adequate hydration maintains cell volume, allowing proper metabolic reactions and
transport of nutrients/waste.
,ESTUDYR
Question 3
Which clinical assessment for hydration status measures how long it takes for blood to re-perfuse
tissue after pressure is applied?
A. Mucous membrane moisture
B. Respiratory rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Skin turgor
✅E. Capillary refill time
F. Heart rate
Rationale: Capillary refill time reflects peripheral perfusion and indirectly indicates fluid
volume status.
Question 4
A clinician performs a full hydration assessment on a patient. The skin turgor test showed an
immediate response, mucous membranes look moist, and capillary refill is under 2 seconds.
What does this indicate about the patient’s hydration status?
✅A. Normal
B. Overhydrated
C. Dehydrated
Rationale: Normal skin turgor, moist mucous membranes, and fast capillary refill indicate
proper hydration.
Question 5
What role do baroreceptors play when a patient is dehydrated?
A. They increase blood volume by releasing fluid from tissues.
✅B. They detect the drop in blood pressure and trigger sympathetic responses to increase
heart rate.
C. They stimulate parasympathetic activity to slow the heart rate.
D. They directly cause blood vessels to dilate.
Rationale: Baroreceptors sense low blood pressure and activate sympathetic responses to
maintain perfusion, including increased heart rate.
, ESTUDYR
Question 6
Tonicity has no impact on cell integrity because it does not affect water movement into or out of
the cell.
A. True
✅B. False
Rationale: Tonicity determines water movement across the membrane; hypotonic solutions
cause swelling, hypertonic cause shrinkage.
Question 7
A patient is given an oral rehydration solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes
than normal body fluids. What type of solution was ingested and how does the resulting fluid
shift affect cells?
A. Isotonic: no change to the cells
✅B. Hypertonic: water moves out of cells causing them to shrink
C. Hypotonic: water moves into cells causing them to swell
D. Balanced: cells remain normal
Rationale: Hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentration than intracellular fluid, pulling
water out and shrinking cells.
Question 8
Which solution would cause water to move into cells and potentially lead to swelling?
A. Isotonic
B. Hypertonic
✅C. Hypotonic
D. None of the above
Rationale: Hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water
influx.
Question 9
Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys and helps correct dehydration?
A. Aldosterone
✅B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
BIOL252: Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab 2025
Module 8 Exam Review – Fluid, Electrolyte, and
Acid-Base Balance (Practice NCLEX-Style
Questions)
Section 1: Fluid Balance and Hydration
Question 1
How does proper fluid balance directly influence electrolyte balance in the body?
A. By enhancing the secretion of hormones that degrade electrolytes
B. By completely preventing the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys
C. Through the suppression of kidney function
D. By only increasing the concentration of potassium in the extracellular fluid
✅E. The amount of fluid in a compartment will affect the distribution and concentration of
electrolytes
Rationale: Electrolyte concentration is directly influenced by the volume of fluid in a
compartment; more water dilutes electrolytes, and less water concentrates them.
Question 2
Proper fluid balance is necessary to maintain optimal cellular functioning by ensuring that cells
are adequately hydrated, which supports enzymatic reactions, nutrient uptake, and waste
removal.
✅A. True
B. False
Rationale: Adequate hydration maintains cell volume, allowing proper metabolic reactions and
transport of nutrients/waste.
,ESTUDYR
Question 3
Which clinical assessment for hydration status measures how long it takes for blood to re-perfuse
tissue after pressure is applied?
A. Mucous membrane moisture
B. Respiratory rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Skin turgor
✅E. Capillary refill time
F. Heart rate
Rationale: Capillary refill time reflects peripheral perfusion and indirectly indicates fluid
volume status.
Question 4
A clinician performs a full hydration assessment on a patient. The skin turgor test showed an
immediate response, mucous membranes look moist, and capillary refill is under 2 seconds.
What does this indicate about the patient’s hydration status?
✅A. Normal
B. Overhydrated
C. Dehydrated
Rationale: Normal skin turgor, moist mucous membranes, and fast capillary refill indicate
proper hydration.
Question 5
What role do baroreceptors play when a patient is dehydrated?
A. They increase blood volume by releasing fluid from tissues.
✅B. They detect the drop in blood pressure and trigger sympathetic responses to increase
heart rate.
C. They stimulate parasympathetic activity to slow the heart rate.
D. They directly cause blood vessels to dilate.
Rationale: Baroreceptors sense low blood pressure and activate sympathetic responses to
maintain perfusion, including increased heart rate.
, ESTUDYR
Question 6
Tonicity has no impact on cell integrity because it does not affect water movement into or out of
the cell.
A. True
✅B. False
Rationale: Tonicity determines water movement across the membrane; hypotonic solutions
cause swelling, hypertonic cause shrinkage.
Question 7
A patient is given an oral rehydration solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes
than normal body fluids. What type of solution was ingested and how does the resulting fluid
shift affect cells?
A. Isotonic: no change to the cells
✅B. Hypertonic: water moves out of cells causing them to shrink
C. Hypotonic: water moves into cells causing them to swell
D. Balanced: cells remain normal
Rationale: Hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentration than intracellular fluid, pulling
water out and shrinking cells.
Question 8
Which solution would cause water to move into cells and potentially lead to swelling?
A. Isotonic
B. Hypertonic
✅C. Hypotonic
D. None of the above
Rationale: Hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water
influx.
Question 9
Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys and helps correct dehydration?
A. Aldosterone
✅B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
