BN
CHAPTER 7
HAEMOGLOBIN CHEMISTRY
1) INTRODUCTION TO HAEMOGLOBIN
2) STRUCTURE OF HAEME
3) STRUCTURE OF GLOBIN
4) TYPES OF NORMAL HAEMOGLOBIN
5) T AND R FORMS OF HAEMOGLOBIN
6) DERIVATIVES OF HAEMOGLOBIN
7) METHAEMOGLOBIN
8) METHAEMALBUMIN
9) COMBINATION OF HAEMOGLOBIN WITH GASES
10) CYANIDE POISONING
11) MYOGLOBIN
12) SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
13) ABNORMAL HAEMOGLOBIN
14) ALPHA THALASSEMIA
15) BETA THALASSEMIA
, HAEMOGLOBIN CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION TO HAEMOGLOBIN
1. The red colouring matter of the blood is a conjugated protein,
haemoglobin
2. Haemoglobin is a chromoprotein, containing haeme as the prosthetic group
and globin as the protein.
3. The normal concentration of haemoglobin in an adult male varies from 14
to 16 gm % and there are about 750 grams of Hb in the total circulating
blood of a 70 k.g. man.
4. 6.25 grams of Hb are produced and destroyed in the body each day
5. Haemoglobin is important in oxygen binding and its transport and
delivery to the tissues
6. Carbon dioxide is also transported by haemoglobin
STRUCTURE OF HAEME
1. Haeme is an iron – porphyrin compound
2. The porphyrins are complex compounds with a tetra-pyrrole structure
3. Four pyrrole rings called 1 to 4 are combined through methyne bridges.
4. The outer carbons of the four pyrrole rings are numbered 1 to 8
5. The methyne bridges are called alpha, beta, gamma and delta
6. Ferrous iron is present in the center and is linked with the nitrogens of the
pyrrole rings
,7. The iron is also linked to histidine and globin
8. The propionic acid COOH groups of 6 and 7 positions of haeme, of 3rd
and 4th pyrrole rings are linked to the amino acids arginine and lysine
9. The hydrogens at positions 1 to 8 of the pyrrole rings are substituted by –
MVMV-MPPM
a) Methyl (M)
b) Vinyl (V)
c) Methyl (M)
d) Vinyl (V)
e) Methyl (M)
f) Propionic acid (P)
g) Propionic acid (P)
h) Methyl (M)
, STRUCTURE OF HAEME
M V M V
C1 2C C3 4C
C C CH C C
α
N N
CH Fe++ CH
δ β
HISTIDINE
N N
γ
C C CH C
C8 7C C6 5C
M P P M
LYSINE ARGININE
CHAPTER 7
HAEMOGLOBIN CHEMISTRY
1) INTRODUCTION TO HAEMOGLOBIN
2) STRUCTURE OF HAEME
3) STRUCTURE OF GLOBIN
4) TYPES OF NORMAL HAEMOGLOBIN
5) T AND R FORMS OF HAEMOGLOBIN
6) DERIVATIVES OF HAEMOGLOBIN
7) METHAEMOGLOBIN
8) METHAEMALBUMIN
9) COMBINATION OF HAEMOGLOBIN WITH GASES
10) CYANIDE POISONING
11) MYOGLOBIN
12) SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
13) ABNORMAL HAEMOGLOBIN
14) ALPHA THALASSEMIA
15) BETA THALASSEMIA
, HAEMOGLOBIN CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION TO HAEMOGLOBIN
1. The red colouring matter of the blood is a conjugated protein,
haemoglobin
2. Haemoglobin is a chromoprotein, containing haeme as the prosthetic group
and globin as the protein.
3. The normal concentration of haemoglobin in an adult male varies from 14
to 16 gm % and there are about 750 grams of Hb in the total circulating
blood of a 70 k.g. man.
4. 6.25 grams of Hb are produced and destroyed in the body each day
5. Haemoglobin is important in oxygen binding and its transport and
delivery to the tissues
6. Carbon dioxide is also transported by haemoglobin
STRUCTURE OF HAEME
1. Haeme is an iron – porphyrin compound
2. The porphyrins are complex compounds with a tetra-pyrrole structure
3. Four pyrrole rings called 1 to 4 are combined through methyne bridges.
4. The outer carbons of the four pyrrole rings are numbered 1 to 8
5. The methyne bridges are called alpha, beta, gamma and delta
6. Ferrous iron is present in the center and is linked with the nitrogens of the
pyrrole rings
,7. The iron is also linked to histidine and globin
8. The propionic acid COOH groups of 6 and 7 positions of haeme, of 3rd
and 4th pyrrole rings are linked to the amino acids arginine and lysine
9. The hydrogens at positions 1 to 8 of the pyrrole rings are substituted by –
MVMV-MPPM
a) Methyl (M)
b) Vinyl (V)
c) Methyl (M)
d) Vinyl (V)
e) Methyl (M)
f) Propionic acid (P)
g) Propionic acid (P)
h) Methyl (M)
, STRUCTURE OF HAEME
M V M V
C1 2C C3 4C
C C CH C C
α
N N
CH Fe++ CH
δ β
HISTIDINE
N N
γ
C C CH C
C8 7C C6 5C
M P P M
LYSINE ARGININE
