EXPH 386 Final WVU
1.Describe bioenergetics: the part of biochemistry concerned with the energy involved in making and breaking of chemical bonds
in the molecules found in biological organisms
2.Instant energy system, when it's used, and for how long: ATP-Creatine Phosphate
immediately
enough to walk briskly for 1 minute, run a race for 20-30 seconds, OR all out exercise for 5-8 seconds
3.Short term energy system, when it's used and for how long: glycolytic system /
anaerobic pathway
4.Long term energy system, when it's used and for how long: oxidative system / aerobic pathway
5.Point at which O2 consumption plateaus and shows no further increase with increasing exercise intensity or workload. The gold
standard for measuring and assessing aerobic capacity.: VO2 Max aka Max VO2 aka Max O2 Consumption 6. T or F
Athletes have a lower VO2 max.: F
Athletes have a higher VO2 Max (EXPLAIN WHY)
7.highest value of VO2: Peak VO2
8.maximal amount of O2 you can consume in one minute, O2 consumption plateaus with an increase in workload: Max VO2
9.Low tissue oxygen, reliance on glycolysis, activation of fast-twitch muscle fibers, and reduced lactate removal are all factors of
what?: lactate threshold 10. T or F
Blood lactate concentrations of untrained individuals are lower than trained individuals: True
trained - occurs ~75% of VO2 max
untrained - occurs ~ 50-55% VO2 max
11. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of carbs: 1.00
12. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of fats: 0.7
13. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of proteins: 0.82 14. RQ=VCO2/VO2 and
RQ=CO2 produced/O2 consumed: respiratory quotient equation
15. What does the respiratory quotient represent?: the ratio of metabolic gas exchange between O2 and CO2
16. RER=VCO2/VO2: respiratory exchange ratio equation
17. RER during hyperventilation is <,=, or > than 1.0?: greater than because of the increase in
VCO2 being unloaded from the blood without an increase in O2 consumption
18. RER during maximal exercise is > 1.0 due to what?: the increase in the buffering of lactic
acid with sodium bicarbonate, recruiting more type 2 muscle fibers
19. What RER value represents a true maximal exercise test?: 1.1 or higher 20. When is it normal for RER values to drop below
0.7? exercise, digestion, or exercise recovery?: exercise recovery
21. TDEE is what?: total daily energy expenditure
,22. What 3 things compose TDEE?: basal metabolic rate thermogenesis
thermic effect of physical activity
23. T or F
thermogenesis represents the body's heat production: F basal metabolic rate does
24. Basal metabolic rate makes up what % of total energy expenditure?: 60-75%
25. the metabolic production of heat: thermogenesis 26. T or F
proteins require the greatest amount of energy to be broken down: True
27. Why is the thermic effect of food less in overweight and obese individuals than in non-overweight individuals?: it's harder
to absorb and digest calories
28. 1L O2 consumed = ?: 5 kcal of energy
29. 1 MET =?: 3.5 ml/kg/min O2 up-taken
30. - slow twitch
- primarily used for aerobic activities
- low force
-slow to fatigue
- low myosin ATPase activty
- slow Ca2+ handling and shortening velocity
- high mitochondrial density: type 1 muscle fibers
31. - fast twitch
- primarily used for anaerobic activities
- high force
- fast to fatigue
- high capacity to transmit action potentials
- rapid Ca2+ release and uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum
- high myosin ATPase activity
- high rate of cross bridge turnover: type 2 muscle fibers
32. Correct order of connective tissue layers
1. tendons
, EXPH 386 Final WVU
2. periosteum
3. endomysium
4. fasciculus
5. epimysium
6. perimysium: endomysium
perimysium fasciculus
epimysium tendons
periosteum
33. outer to inner parts of muscle: whole muscle muscle fiber myofibril sarcomere myofilaments
34. defines sarcomere boundaries; adheres to sarcolemma to provide stability: Z line
35. light area of sarcomere, contains actin only: I band
36. dark are of sarcomere, actin and myosin overlap: A band
37. center of the A band, contains myosin only: H zone
1.Describe bioenergetics: the part of biochemistry concerned with the energy involved in making and breaking of chemical bonds
in the molecules found in biological organisms
2.Instant energy system, when it's used, and for how long: ATP-Creatine Phosphate
immediately
enough to walk briskly for 1 minute, run a race for 20-30 seconds, OR all out exercise for 5-8 seconds
3.Short term energy system, when it's used and for how long: glycolytic system /
anaerobic pathway
4.Long term energy system, when it's used and for how long: oxidative system / aerobic pathway
5.Point at which O2 consumption plateaus and shows no further increase with increasing exercise intensity or workload. The gold
standard for measuring and assessing aerobic capacity.: VO2 Max aka Max VO2 aka Max O2 Consumption 6. T or F
Athletes have a lower VO2 max.: F
Athletes have a higher VO2 Max (EXPLAIN WHY)
7.highest value of VO2: Peak VO2
8.maximal amount of O2 you can consume in one minute, O2 consumption plateaus with an increase in workload: Max VO2
9.Low tissue oxygen, reliance on glycolysis, activation of fast-twitch muscle fibers, and reduced lactate removal are all factors of
what?: lactate threshold 10. T or F
Blood lactate concentrations of untrained individuals are lower than trained individuals: True
trained - occurs ~75% of VO2 max
untrained - occurs ~ 50-55% VO2 max
11. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of carbs: 1.00
12. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of fats: 0.7
13. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of proteins: 0.82 14. RQ=VCO2/VO2 and
RQ=CO2 produced/O2 consumed: respiratory quotient equation
15. What does the respiratory quotient represent?: the ratio of metabolic gas exchange between O2 and CO2
16. RER=VCO2/VO2: respiratory exchange ratio equation
17. RER during hyperventilation is <,=, or > than 1.0?: greater than because of the increase in
VCO2 being unloaded from the blood without an increase in O2 consumption
18. RER during maximal exercise is > 1.0 due to what?: the increase in the buffering of lactic
acid with sodium bicarbonate, recruiting more type 2 muscle fibers
19. What RER value represents a true maximal exercise test?: 1.1 or higher 20. When is it normal for RER values to drop below
0.7? exercise, digestion, or exercise recovery?: exercise recovery
21. TDEE is what?: total daily energy expenditure
,22. What 3 things compose TDEE?: basal metabolic rate thermogenesis
thermic effect of physical activity
23. T or F
thermogenesis represents the body's heat production: F basal metabolic rate does
24. Basal metabolic rate makes up what % of total energy expenditure?: 60-75%
25. the metabolic production of heat: thermogenesis 26. T or F
proteins require the greatest amount of energy to be broken down: True
27. Why is the thermic effect of food less in overweight and obese individuals than in non-overweight individuals?: it's harder
to absorb and digest calories
28. 1L O2 consumed = ?: 5 kcal of energy
29. 1 MET =?: 3.5 ml/kg/min O2 up-taken
30. - slow twitch
- primarily used for aerobic activities
- low force
-slow to fatigue
- low myosin ATPase activty
- slow Ca2+ handling and shortening velocity
- high mitochondrial density: type 1 muscle fibers
31. - fast twitch
- primarily used for anaerobic activities
- high force
- fast to fatigue
- high capacity to transmit action potentials
- rapid Ca2+ release and uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum
- high myosin ATPase activity
- high rate of cross bridge turnover: type 2 muscle fibers
32. Correct order of connective tissue layers
1. tendons
, EXPH 386 Final WVU
2. periosteum
3. endomysium
4. fasciculus
5. epimysium
6. perimysium: endomysium
perimysium fasciculus
epimysium tendons
periosteum
33. outer to inner parts of muscle: whole muscle muscle fiber myofibril sarcomere myofilaments
34. defines sarcomere boundaries; adheres to sarcolemma to provide stability: Z line
35. light area of sarcomere, contains actin only: I band
36. dark are of sarcomere, actin and myosin overlap: A band
37. center of the A band, contains myosin only: H zone
