EXPH 386 Exam 1
1. One calorie is defines as the amount of heat requires to raise ______ kg of water by
______ degrees celcius: 1
1
2. The sun transfers its energy to a car and subsequently warms it. The term that describes
this process is: heat
3. this term describes how hot or cold an object is: temperature
4. The energy yield from food is in part determined by the efficiency of digestion:
coefficient of digestibility
5. Why do lipids contain more energy that carbs or proteins?: lipids are more energy dense
because they have more hydrogen atoms that can be oxidized
6. energy relates to the ability to do _____: work
7. the first law of thermodynamics is the..: conservation of energy
8. An object is dropped from the top of the building. Once the object is released and is
halfway from the ground, the object has ...: kinetic energy only???
9. when a lipid molecule is broken down, energy is subsequently released. This is an
example of an: exergonic reaction
10. T OR F
the second law of thermodynamics states that the transfer of potential energy in any
spontaneous process always proceeds in a direction that increases the capacity to perform
work.: false
11. Two examples of energy conversion:: -photosynthesis (captures energy that we utilize
as food and oxygen)
- cellular respiration (energy released becomes conserved in compounds used for biological
processes)
12. T OR F
enzymes are consumed during a reaction: false
13. How do enzymes increase the rate of the forward and reverse reactions?: they
accelerate the forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions within the body
WITHOUT being consumed or changed in the reaction (therefore enzymes have a slow
turnover rate and can be reused)
14. Reaction rates depend on what three factors?: -PH -temp
, .
- availability of substrates
15 Pyruvate gains two hydrogens and thus forms lactate. This reaction is known as _______
reaction.
With this example, pyruvate is being ______: -reduction
-oxidized
16. What are the three types of biological work in humans? Examples?: 1.mechanical-
muscle action
2.chemical- synthesizes cellular molecules such as glycogen, protein
3.transport- concentration substrates such as Na+ and K+ ions in intra and extracellular
fluids
17. What is the purpose of a buffer?: a chemical or physiological mechanism that
prevents changes in the H+ concentration and therefore PH
18. Involves any process in which the atoms in an element gain electrons, with a
corresponding decrease in valence: reduction reaction 19. refers to the substance being
reduced: oxidizing agent
20. any substance that ionizes in solution to give off H+: acid
21. oxidation and reduction reactions that take place together: redox reaction
22. the term that refers to gain of electrons: reduction
23. refers to the substance being oxidized: reducing agent
24. reactions that transfer oxygen, hydrogen atoms or electrons. (a loss of electrons, with
a corresponding gain in valency): oxidation reaction
25. Any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a water solution.: Base
26. the term that refers to the loss of electrons: oxidation
27. What is the mechanism involved in hydrolysis and what is an example of
hydrolysis?: the H+ and OH- from water are used to split chemical bonds; digestion
28. T OR F
the farther a reaction is from equilibrium, the more energy it can release: true
29. T OR F
enzymes attempt to drive the reaction they catalyze toward equilibrium: true 30. What
part of an ATP molecule contains stored energy>: Adenosine Triphosphate 31. A person
1. One calorie is defines as the amount of heat requires to raise ______ kg of water by
______ degrees celcius: 1
1
2. The sun transfers its energy to a car and subsequently warms it. The term that describes
this process is: heat
3. this term describes how hot or cold an object is: temperature
4. The energy yield from food is in part determined by the efficiency of digestion:
coefficient of digestibility
5. Why do lipids contain more energy that carbs or proteins?: lipids are more energy dense
because they have more hydrogen atoms that can be oxidized
6. energy relates to the ability to do _____: work
7. the first law of thermodynamics is the..: conservation of energy
8. An object is dropped from the top of the building. Once the object is released and is
halfway from the ground, the object has ...: kinetic energy only???
9. when a lipid molecule is broken down, energy is subsequently released. This is an
example of an: exergonic reaction
10. T OR F
the second law of thermodynamics states that the transfer of potential energy in any
spontaneous process always proceeds in a direction that increases the capacity to perform
work.: false
11. Two examples of energy conversion:: -photosynthesis (captures energy that we utilize
as food and oxygen)
- cellular respiration (energy released becomes conserved in compounds used for biological
processes)
12. T OR F
enzymes are consumed during a reaction: false
13. How do enzymes increase the rate of the forward and reverse reactions?: they
accelerate the forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions within the body
WITHOUT being consumed or changed in the reaction (therefore enzymes have a slow
turnover rate and can be reused)
14. Reaction rates depend on what three factors?: -PH -temp
, .
- availability of substrates
15 Pyruvate gains two hydrogens and thus forms lactate. This reaction is known as _______
reaction.
With this example, pyruvate is being ______: -reduction
-oxidized
16. What are the three types of biological work in humans? Examples?: 1.mechanical-
muscle action
2.chemical- synthesizes cellular molecules such as glycogen, protein
3.transport- concentration substrates such as Na+ and K+ ions in intra and extracellular
fluids
17. What is the purpose of a buffer?: a chemical or physiological mechanism that
prevents changes in the H+ concentration and therefore PH
18. Involves any process in which the atoms in an element gain electrons, with a
corresponding decrease in valence: reduction reaction 19. refers to the substance being
reduced: oxidizing agent
20. any substance that ionizes in solution to give off H+: acid
21. oxidation and reduction reactions that take place together: redox reaction
22. the term that refers to gain of electrons: reduction
23. refers to the substance being oxidized: reducing agent
24. reactions that transfer oxygen, hydrogen atoms or electrons. (a loss of electrons, with
a corresponding gain in valency): oxidation reaction
25. Any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a water solution.: Base
26. the term that refers to the loss of electrons: oxidation
27. What is the mechanism involved in hydrolysis and what is an example of
hydrolysis?: the H+ and OH- from water are used to split chemical bonds; digestion
28. T OR F
the farther a reaction is from equilibrium, the more energy it can release: true
29. T OR F
enzymes attempt to drive the reaction they catalyze toward equilibrium: true 30. What
part of an ATP molecule contains stored energy>: Adenosine Triphosphate 31. A person
