BIOLOGY 111 LATEST 2026 EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Inductive Logic - ✔✔Goes from particular instances to a general premise;
Conclusions are no usually certain
✔✔Deductive Logic - ✔✔Goes from a general premise to particular instances
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔1. Observe
2. Make a hypothesis
3. Make a prediction on what will happen if hypothesis is proved
4. Conduct experiment
5. Analyze your data
✔✔Independent Variable - ✔✔The factor of interest
✔✔Dependent Variables - ✔✔The outcome/response
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔Receives all conditions except the factor of interest
✔✔Comparative Groups - ✔✔Comparing levels of independent variable
✔✔What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? - ✔✔A hypothesis is a
tentative explanation for an observable phenomenon, a theory is a set of ideas that
explain things broadly and is supported by lots of evidence
✔✔what are the roles of comparative and control groups in an experiment? -
✔✔Comparative compares the results from two or more versions of the independent
variable. Control groups is used to determine if the independent variable is the cause of
the results.
✔✔Matter - ✔✔Takes up space and has mass
✔✔What are the three states of matter? - ✔✔Solids, liquids, gases
✔✔Element - ✔✔Substances that can't be broken down by chemical reactions
✔✔What is the basic unit of matter? - ✔✔Elements
✔✔What are the four elements that make up ~96% of living things? - ✔✔Carbon,
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen ("CHNO")
, ✔✔What is the difference between and element and an atom? - ✔✔An element is a
substance that can't be broken down by chemical reactions, an atom is the fundamental
unit of an element.
✔✔What are the three subatomic particles that make up atoms? - ✔✔Nucleus, Shells,
and Electrons
✔✔Atomic Number - ✔✔The number of protons
✔✔Mass Number - ✔✔Number of protons + the number of neutrons
✔✔Isotope - ✔✔Two or more of the same element that have equal amount of protons
but different amount of neutrons
✔✔Energy - ✔✔The capacity to cause change or do work
✔✔Potential Energy - ✔✔Stored energy
✔✔Kinetic Energy - ✔✔Energy of motion
✔✔How much potential energy does an electron have when it is close to the nucleus? -
✔✔The potential energy is lower
✔✔How much potential energy does an electron have when it is further to the nucleus?
- ✔✔The potential energy is higher
✔✔Electron Shell - ✔✔Shells that surround the nucleus in which it has a limited amount
of electrons on each shell
✔✔How many electrons can be held in the first four electron shells of the first 20
elements in the periodic table? - ✔✔2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the
second third and fourth.
✔✔Valence Shell - ✔✔The outermost shell; not the same as electron shell
✔✔Valence - ✔✔The number of covalent bonds an atom can form
✔✔Chemical Bond - ✔✔The attractive force between atoms
✔✔Molecular Formula - ✔✔Tells you how many atoms of each element are present in a
compound or molecule
✔✔Covalent Bond - ✔✔The sharing of atoms between electrons
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Inductive Logic - ✔✔Goes from particular instances to a general premise;
Conclusions are no usually certain
✔✔Deductive Logic - ✔✔Goes from a general premise to particular instances
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔1. Observe
2. Make a hypothesis
3. Make a prediction on what will happen if hypothesis is proved
4. Conduct experiment
5. Analyze your data
✔✔Independent Variable - ✔✔The factor of interest
✔✔Dependent Variables - ✔✔The outcome/response
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔Receives all conditions except the factor of interest
✔✔Comparative Groups - ✔✔Comparing levels of independent variable
✔✔What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? - ✔✔A hypothesis is a
tentative explanation for an observable phenomenon, a theory is a set of ideas that
explain things broadly and is supported by lots of evidence
✔✔what are the roles of comparative and control groups in an experiment? -
✔✔Comparative compares the results from two or more versions of the independent
variable. Control groups is used to determine if the independent variable is the cause of
the results.
✔✔Matter - ✔✔Takes up space and has mass
✔✔What are the three states of matter? - ✔✔Solids, liquids, gases
✔✔Element - ✔✔Substances that can't be broken down by chemical reactions
✔✔What is the basic unit of matter? - ✔✔Elements
✔✔What are the four elements that make up ~96% of living things? - ✔✔Carbon,
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen ("CHNO")
, ✔✔What is the difference between and element and an atom? - ✔✔An element is a
substance that can't be broken down by chemical reactions, an atom is the fundamental
unit of an element.
✔✔What are the three subatomic particles that make up atoms? - ✔✔Nucleus, Shells,
and Electrons
✔✔Atomic Number - ✔✔The number of protons
✔✔Mass Number - ✔✔Number of protons + the number of neutrons
✔✔Isotope - ✔✔Two or more of the same element that have equal amount of protons
but different amount of neutrons
✔✔Energy - ✔✔The capacity to cause change or do work
✔✔Potential Energy - ✔✔Stored energy
✔✔Kinetic Energy - ✔✔Energy of motion
✔✔How much potential energy does an electron have when it is close to the nucleus? -
✔✔The potential energy is lower
✔✔How much potential energy does an electron have when it is further to the nucleus?
- ✔✔The potential energy is higher
✔✔Electron Shell - ✔✔Shells that surround the nucleus in which it has a limited amount
of electrons on each shell
✔✔How many electrons can be held in the first four electron shells of the first 20
elements in the periodic table? - ✔✔2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the
second third and fourth.
✔✔Valence Shell - ✔✔The outermost shell; not the same as electron shell
✔✔Valence - ✔✔The number of covalent bonds an atom can form
✔✔Chemical Bond - ✔✔The attractive force between atoms
✔✔Molecular Formula - ✔✔Tells you how many atoms of each element are present in a
compound or molecule
✔✔Covalent Bond - ✔✔The sharing of atoms between electrons
