Nutrition and Health - Exam 4 with
100% correct answers 2025/2026
changes over time - correct answer ✔✔-men: got taller and heavier
-women: stayed height and got heavier
causes of death - correct answer ✔✔-365,000 deaths (15%) due to poor diet and physical
inactivity
-435,000 smoking
-smoking deaths on decline
-poor diet and inactivity increased 33%
obesity - correct answer ✔✔-excess accumulation of body fat
-challenges of measuring (estimating) body composition
-cut-points
--men: >22% body fat (25% in men over 40)
--women: >32% body fat (35% in women over 40)
evaluating risks from body fatness - correct answer ✔✔1. body mass index
2. waist circumference
3. disease risk profile
body mass index (BMI) - correct answer ✔✔-describes relative weight for height
-weight(kg)/height(m2)
-weight(lb)*703/height(in2)
,limitations: not direct measure of body composition and fails to show location of excess fat
BMI as an index of obesity - correct answer ✔✔-underweight: <18.5
-normal weight: 18.5-24.9
-overweight: 25-29.9
-obese: >30
-71% in overweight or obese category
-42% in obese category (could reach 50% in 39 states by 2030)
measuring waist circumference - correct answer ✔✔-men: >102cm(40in)
-women: >88cm(35in)
-central obesity if waist circumference exceeds these values
central obesity - correct answer ✔✔-adipokines
--regulate inflammatory processes and energy metabolism in tissues
--causes shift in balance of adipokines (increased inflammation and insulin resistance result)
diseases associated with obesity - correct answer ✔✔-prediabetes and type 2 diabetes,
-hypertension
-heart disease
--dyslipidemia (abnormal blood lipids), low HDL, high triglycerides
-certain types of cancer
-70% have one comorbid condition
why treat obesity? - correct answer ✔✔-comorbid conditions made worse by obesity are the
biggest killers in the us (quality-adjusted life years lost)
, -small and achievable weight loss can have major effect on health risks
-while obesity is biologically determines to a considerable extent, environment is also important
-decreased societal cost with adequate prevention and treatment
energy in - correct answer ✔✔estimated energy requirements
--established by Dietary Reference Intake Committee
--based on sex, age, physical activity, height and weight
energy out - correct answer ✔✔estimated energy requirements
-50-65% Resting Metabolic Rate (affected by age, body composition, height, growth, stress,
fasting, thyroxine)
-5-10% Thermic Effect of Food
-25-50% physical activity
factors that affect BMR - correct answer ✔✔age, height, growth, body composition, fever,
stress, environmental temperature, fasting/starvation/malnutrition, thyroxine
lifestyle strategies - correct answer ✔✔1. dietary patterns
2. physical activity
3. behavior modification
eating habits - correct answer ✔✔goal should be to target specific eating behaviors with
nutritious diet
-eat regularly, increase fiber, adequate protein, consume consistent meals with macronutrient
balance in meals, choose nutrient dense foods
physical activity - correct answer ✔✔-improves overall fitness: cardiovascular function,
dyslipidemia, increases HDL-cholesterol levels, lowers blood pressure, lowers mortality rate
100% correct answers 2025/2026
changes over time - correct answer ✔✔-men: got taller and heavier
-women: stayed height and got heavier
causes of death - correct answer ✔✔-365,000 deaths (15%) due to poor diet and physical
inactivity
-435,000 smoking
-smoking deaths on decline
-poor diet and inactivity increased 33%
obesity - correct answer ✔✔-excess accumulation of body fat
-challenges of measuring (estimating) body composition
-cut-points
--men: >22% body fat (25% in men over 40)
--women: >32% body fat (35% in women over 40)
evaluating risks from body fatness - correct answer ✔✔1. body mass index
2. waist circumference
3. disease risk profile
body mass index (BMI) - correct answer ✔✔-describes relative weight for height
-weight(kg)/height(m2)
-weight(lb)*703/height(in2)
,limitations: not direct measure of body composition and fails to show location of excess fat
BMI as an index of obesity - correct answer ✔✔-underweight: <18.5
-normal weight: 18.5-24.9
-overweight: 25-29.9
-obese: >30
-71% in overweight or obese category
-42% in obese category (could reach 50% in 39 states by 2030)
measuring waist circumference - correct answer ✔✔-men: >102cm(40in)
-women: >88cm(35in)
-central obesity if waist circumference exceeds these values
central obesity - correct answer ✔✔-adipokines
--regulate inflammatory processes and energy metabolism in tissues
--causes shift in balance of adipokines (increased inflammation and insulin resistance result)
diseases associated with obesity - correct answer ✔✔-prediabetes and type 2 diabetes,
-hypertension
-heart disease
--dyslipidemia (abnormal blood lipids), low HDL, high triglycerides
-certain types of cancer
-70% have one comorbid condition
why treat obesity? - correct answer ✔✔-comorbid conditions made worse by obesity are the
biggest killers in the us (quality-adjusted life years lost)
, -small and achievable weight loss can have major effect on health risks
-while obesity is biologically determines to a considerable extent, environment is also important
-decreased societal cost with adequate prevention and treatment
energy in - correct answer ✔✔estimated energy requirements
--established by Dietary Reference Intake Committee
--based on sex, age, physical activity, height and weight
energy out - correct answer ✔✔estimated energy requirements
-50-65% Resting Metabolic Rate (affected by age, body composition, height, growth, stress,
fasting, thyroxine)
-5-10% Thermic Effect of Food
-25-50% physical activity
factors that affect BMR - correct answer ✔✔age, height, growth, body composition, fever,
stress, environmental temperature, fasting/starvation/malnutrition, thyroxine
lifestyle strategies - correct answer ✔✔1. dietary patterns
2. physical activity
3. behavior modification
eating habits - correct answer ✔✔goal should be to target specific eating behaviors with
nutritious diet
-eat regularly, increase fiber, adequate protein, consume consistent meals with macronutrient
balance in meals, choose nutrient dense foods
physical activity - correct answer ✔✔-improves overall fitness: cardiovascular function,
dyslipidemia, increases HDL-cholesterol levels, lowers blood pressure, lowers mortality rate
