2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
◍ work specialization. Ans: the degree to which tasks in an
organization are divided into separate jobs
◍ delegating. Ans: giving managers and employees the power to run
things and make decisions
◍ centralized structures. Ans: occur when the majority of decision
making is done by a very small number of people (usually the senior
management team) who hold decision making authority and
responsibility.
◍ decentralized structures. Ans: occurs when some decision-making
authority and responsibility is passed onto others in the organisation.
◍ customer departmentalization. Ans: dividing an organization to
offer products and meet needs for identifiable customer groups
◍ product departmentalization. Ans: organizing work and workers
into separate units responsible for producing particular products or
services
, ◍ function departmentalization. Ans: organizing work and workers
into separate units responsible for particular business functions or
areas of expertise
◍ geography departmentalization. Ans: permits the use of local
personnel and may help create customer goodwill and a
responsiveness to local customs
◍ matrix structure. Ans: an organization combines functional and
divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command
structures-vertical and horizontal
◍ span of control. Ans: the number of subordinates who report
directly to a manager
◍ chain of command. Ans: the line of authority that moves from the
top of a hierarchy to the lowest level
◍ mechanistic organization. Ans: authority is centralized, tasks and
rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised
◍ organic organization. Ans: authority is decentralized, there are
fewer rules and procedures, and networks of employees are
encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks