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SOC 202 Exam Questions and Answers (100%
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conflict perspective Ans: theoretical perspective that views the structure
of society as a source of inequality that always benefits some groups at
the expense of other groups
feminist perspective Ans: theoretical perspective that focuses on
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gender as the most important source of conflict and inequality in social
life
structural-functionalist perspective Ans: theoretical perspective that
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posits that social institutions are structured to maintain stability and order
in society
Symbolic Interactionism Ans: theoretical perspective that explains
society and social structure through an examination of the microlevel,
personal, day-to-day exchanges of people as individuals, pairs, or
groups
empirical research Ans: research that operates from the ideological
position that questions about human behavior can be answered only
through controlled, systematic observations in the real world
incorrigible proposition Ans: unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be
proved wrong no matter what happens to dispute it
nonparticipant observation Ans: form of field research in which the
researcher observes people without directly interacting with them and
without letting them know that they are being observed
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participant observation Ans: form of field research in which the
researcher interacts with subjects, sometimes hiding his or her identity
probabilistic Ans: capable only of identifying those forces that have a
high likelihood, but not a certainty, of influencing human action
social construction of reality Ans: process through which the members of
a society discover, make known, reaffirm, and alter a collective version
of facts, knowledge, and "truth"
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spurious relationship Ans: a false association between two variables that
is actually due to the effect of some third variable
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unobtrusive research Ans: research technique in which the researcher,
without direct contact with the subjects, examines the evidence of
social behavior that people create or leave behind
cultural relativism Ans: Principle that people's beliefs and activities
should be interpreted in terms of their own culture
ethnocentrism Ans: tendency to judge other cultures using one's own as
a standard
folkway Ans: informal norm that is mildly punished when violated
institutionalized norm Ans: pattern of behavior within existing social
institutions that is widely accepted in a society
intersex Ans: Category of individuals in whom sexual differentiation is
either incomplete or ambiguous (also known as people with disorders of
sex development)