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-SOC 202 final- Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Treadmill of production theory Ans: one of several theories of
environmental impact grounded in political economy that view
continuous expansion/growth as the defining feature of capitalism.
Ecological modernization theory Ans: a variant of general theories of
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modernization that emphasize the unique features of the modern
period, including pervasive risk and reflexivity (Beck, 1999) and the ability
of corporations to update processes and practices.
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A key cleavage in theories of corporations and the environment Ans:
between those who see corporations as expressions of capitalist power
and the [capitalist] state, locked into a logic of extraction and
dispossession of nature, indigenous peoples, and workers versus those
who argue that corporations are evolving to take on practices of social
and environmental responsibility.
Kuznets curve Ans: hypothesizes the relationship between pollution and
economic development as tracing the shape of an inverted letter
U.Technological and efficiency advance motivated by government
regulation and consumer pressure are argued to lead to turning point in
environmental pollution at a certain level of income, at least for some
pollutants under certain conditions.
Jevons paradox Ans: suggests that more efficient use of resources leads
to price declines which drive increased consumption,undermining the
environmental benefits of efficiency gains. Research focuses on the size
and mechanisms driving such rebound effects.
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Koch Industries Ans: A major polluting corporate conglomerate in the
USA.
Neoliberalisation Ans: Economic policy emphasizing free-market
capitalism and deregulation.
ENGOs Ans: Environmental non-governmental organizations focused on
conservation.
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Traditional conservation Ans: Approach emphasizing wilderness and
minimal human intervention.
New conservation Ans: Modern approach integrating human needs
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with environmental protection. focuses on capitalist/corporate needs
Rhetorical framing Ans: Using language to shape perceptions of
conservation issues.
Sustainable management Ans: Practices ensuring long-term health of
resources and ecosystems.
Gifford Pinchot Ans: head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt,
who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while
conserving them, important with utilitarianism
Utilitarianism Ans: idea that the goal of society should be to bring about
the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Ans: Organization promoting new
conservation and ecosystem services.
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Natural capital project Ans: Initiative converting ecosystems into
tradeable services.
The Breakthrough Institute's senior fellows Ans: have in the past included
French sociologist Bruno Latour and new conservationist Peter Kareiva.
Latour merges Nature into society and advocates the sole existence of
'hybrid Nature'
Breakthrough Institute Ans: self-proclaimed eco-modernist think tank
advocating government funding for businesses to accelerate
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technological development to stimulate a new era of economic growth.
They aim to build a community of leaders in their push for policies that
support such things as nuclear power, genetically modified crops, mega
dams, urbanisation and geoengineering the climate.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Geoengineering Ans: Deliberate manipulation of Earth's climate
systems.
Megadams Ans: Large-scale dams for energy and water management.
Social Darwinism Ans: Theory applying evolutionary concepts to social
policies.
in a revival of social Darwinism, Kareiva and Marvier (2012: 967) even
claimed that: Ans: In essence, corporations are the 'keystone species' of
global ecosystems"
spash on new conservation rhetoric Ans: This attempt to naturalise
corporate power, as if some deterministic evolutionary outcome that
can be seen as positive and progressive, neither relates to the
institutional construction of the modern corporation , nor the historical
origins of capitalism of which it is a development. Indeed,there appears
1
-SOC 202 final- Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Treadmill of production theory Ans: one of several theories of
environmental impact grounded in political economy that view
continuous expansion/growth as the defining feature of capitalism.
Ecological modernization theory Ans: a variant of general theories of
© 2026 Assignment Expert
modernization that emphasize the unique features of the modern
period, including pervasive risk and reflexivity (Beck, 1999) and the ability
of corporations to update processes and practices.
Guru01 - Stuvia
A key cleavage in theories of corporations and the environment Ans:
between those who see corporations as expressions of capitalist power
and the [capitalist] state, locked into a logic of extraction and
dispossession of nature, indigenous peoples, and workers versus those
who argue that corporations are evolving to take on practices of social
and environmental responsibility.
Kuznets curve Ans: hypothesizes the relationship between pollution and
economic development as tracing the shape of an inverted letter
U.Technological and efficiency advance motivated by government
regulation and consumer pressure are argued to lead to turning point in
environmental pollution at a certain level of income, at least for some
pollutants under certain conditions.
Jevons paradox Ans: suggests that more efficient use of resources leads
to price declines which drive increased consumption,undermining the
environmental benefits of efficiency gains. Research focuses on the size
and mechanisms driving such rebound effects.
,For Expert help and assignment handling,
2
Koch Industries Ans: A major polluting corporate conglomerate in the
USA.
Neoliberalisation Ans: Economic policy emphasizing free-market
capitalism and deregulation.
ENGOs Ans: Environmental non-governmental organizations focused on
conservation.
© 2026 Assignment Expert
Traditional conservation Ans: Approach emphasizing wilderness and
minimal human intervention.
New conservation Ans: Modern approach integrating human needs
Guru01 - Stuvia
with environmental protection. focuses on capitalist/corporate needs
Rhetorical framing Ans: Using language to shape perceptions of
conservation issues.
Sustainable management Ans: Practices ensuring long-term health of
resources and ecosystems.
Gifford Pinchot Ans: head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt,
who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while
conserving them, important with utilitarianism
Utilitarianism Ans: idea that the goal of society should be to bring about
the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Ans: Organization promoting new
conservation and ecosystem services.
, For Expert help and assignment handling,
3
Natural capital project Ans: Initiative converting ecosystems into
tradeable services.
The Breakthrough Institute's senior fellows Ans: have in the past included
French sociologist Bruno Latour and new conservationist Peter Kareiva.
Latour merges Nature into society and advocates the sole existence of
'hybrid Nature'
Breakthrough Institute Ans: self-proclaimed eco-modernist think tank
advocating government funding for businesses to accelerate
© 2026 Assignment Expert
technological development to stimulate a new era of economic growth.
They aim to build a community of leaders in their push for policies that
support such things as nuclear power, genetically modified crops, mega
dams, urbanisation and geoengineering the climate.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Geoengineering Ans: Deliberate manipulation of Earth's climate
systems.
Megadams Ans: Large-scale dams for energy and water management.
Social Darwinism Ans: Theory applying evolutionary concepts to social
policies.
in a revival of social Darwinism, Kareiva and Marvier (2012: 967) even
claimed that: Ans: In essence, corporations are the 'keystone species' of
global ecosystems"
spash on new conservation rhetoric Ans: This attempt to naturalise
corporate power, as if some deterministic evolutionary outcome that
can be seen as positive and progressive, neither relates to the
institutional construction of the modern corporation , nor the historical
origins of capitalism of which it is a development. Indeed,there appears
