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SOC 202 Questions and Answers (100%
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the sociological perspective Ans: the ability to sees societal patterns
that influence individual and group life; how we create and change the
social world
Sociological Imagination Ans: book by C. Wright Mills; talks about the
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ability to grasp the relationship between lives as individuals and larger
social forces, distinguishes individual and society but emphasizes their
interaction, one of the first important sociological books written
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Key Themes in Sociological Research Ans: Importance of Diversity (See:
Ethnocentrism), Inequality, and Globalization
Social Diversity Ans: Refers to the variety of group experiences that result
from the social structure of society
Ethnocentrism Ans: Evaluating or judging another culture based on how
it compares to one's own cultural norms. Attitude that one's own culture
is better than all others
Social inequality Ans: socially-defined categories of people are
positioned differently regarding access to different social goods
Globalization Ans: social and economic systems all intertwined with in
the world, shows patterns in your society you might take for granted, also
events in one society may be linked to events in other societies
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theoretical frameworks Ans: functionalism, conflict, and symbolic
interaction
Functionalist Paradigm [macro level] Ans: Explains social organization in
terms of roles or "functions" performed by individual members, groups,
institutions, social relations. Society like a living organism
Latent versus manifest functions. (Comte, Durkheim)
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Conflict Paradigm [macro level] Ans: Explains social organization and
change in terms of conflict built into social relations.
All social relations characterized by conflict
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Social class is the major engine of change. (Marx)
Symbolic Interaction Paradigm [micro level] Ans: Emphasizes micro level
social processes.
Assumptions: importance of interaction; importance of symbols- the way
we interact we use forms of symbols, hand gestures, eye contact speech
patterns.
Constructivism. (Weber, Goffman)
Macro-level vs micro-level theories Ans: relate to large-scale issues and
large groups of people, while micro-level theories look at very specific
relationships between individuals or small groups.
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Grand theories Ans: attempt to explain large-scale relationships and
answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they
change.
Sociological theory Ans: is constantly evolving and should never be
considered complete.
Classic sociological theories are still considered important and current,
but new sociological theories build upon the work of their predecessors
and add to them (Calhoun, 2002).
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Social construction of reality Ans: According to the "social construction
of reality" book, our perception of what is real is determined by the
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subjective meanings that we attribute to an experience
Thomas Theorem Ans: What we believe to be real is real in its
consequences. Argues that moral codes and social norms are created
by "successive definitions of the situation"
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Ans: The basic idea that through definitions of the
situation reality becomes true. According to sociologist Robert Merton,
even a false idea can become true if it is acted upon
W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) Ans: a Harvard-trained historian, pioneered
the use of rigorous empirical methodology into sociology. Had a study of
the African American community in Philadelphia which incorporated
hundreds of interviews Du Bois conducted to find the familial and
employment structures. most of his work focused on the social structure
of African-American communities
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) Ans: a philosopher and sociologist
whose work focused on the ways in which the mind and the self were