Engineering Economy, 9th Edition – Blank & Tarquin | Complete Test Bank & Solution Manual (Ch.1–19) | Updated 2026/27 | pdf Download

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY TEST BANK ALL
CHAPTERS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES
Chapter 01: Prescriptive Authority and Role Implementation: Tradition vs. Change
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medical
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schools?
a. Changes in Medicare reimbursement met W W W W



hods recommended in 1992
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b. Competition from nonphysicians desiring W W W W



to meet primary care shortages
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c. The need for monopolistic control in the
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marketplace of primary outpatient care W W W W




d. The recognition that nonphysicians have v
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ariable success providing primary care
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ANS: A W



The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial reimbur
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sement to clinicians who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of primary care p
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roviders, this incentive led medical schools to place greater emphasis on preparing primar
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y care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians increased coincidentally as professio
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nals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs.
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Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have been show
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n to be safe and effective.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)
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2. Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians?
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a. Older physicians tend to prescribe more
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appropriate medications than younger
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physicians.
b. Antibiotic medications remain in the top W W W W W



Wfive classifications of medications pres
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cribed.
c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic ar
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mamentarium” that consists of less than 1 W W W W W W



00 drug preparations per physician.
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d. The dominant form of drug information u
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sed by primary care physicians continues t
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o be that provided by pharmaceutical com
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panies.

, ANS: D W



Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements,
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pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on academ
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ic sources for drug information, a study showed that commercial rather than scientific so
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urces of drug information dominated their drug information materials. Younger physician
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s tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics have dropped out of the t
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op five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians have a therapeutic armament
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arium of about 144 drugs. W W W W




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)
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3. As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as prescribers of
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medications, it will be important to: W W W W W




a. attain the same level of expertise as
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physicians who currently prescribe W W W W



medications.
b. learn from the experiences of physicians
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and develop expertise based on evidence-
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Wbased practice. W




c. maintain collaborative and supervisorial r
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elationships with physicians who will ov W W W W W



ersee prescribing practices.
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d. develop relationships with pharmaceutical
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Wrepresentatives to learn about new medic W W W W W



ations as they are developed.
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ANS: B W



As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be impo
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rtant to learn from the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing practices
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Wbased on evidence- W W



based medicine. It is hoped that all prescribers, including physicians and nurse practition
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ers, will strive to do better than in the past. NPs should work toward prescriptive authorit
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y and for practice that is not supervised by another professional. Pharmaceutical represent
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atives provide information that carries some bias. Academic sources are better.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)
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Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs, C
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NMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants
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Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE W




1. A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out of
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the federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this defines
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how NPs may write prescriptions:
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, a. without physician supervision in private p
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ractice.
b. as CRNAs without physician supervision
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in a hospital setting.
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c. in any situation but will not be reimbursed
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for this by government insurers.
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d. only with physician supervision in both
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private practice and a hospital setting.
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ANS: B W



In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal physician s
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upervision rule for CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNAs to write p
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rescriptions and dispense drugs without physician supervision.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
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2. CRNAs in most states:
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a. must have a Drug Enforcement Administra
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tion (DEA) number to practice.
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b. must have prescriptive authority to pr
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actice.
c. order and administer controlled substances
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but do not have full prescriptive authority.
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d. administer medications, including W W W



controlled substances, under direct W W W



Wphysician supervision. W




ANS: C W



Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRNAs. CRNAs do not req
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uire prescriptive authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient and do
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not prescribe. Without prescriptive authority, they do not need a DEA number.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
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3. A CNM:
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a. may treat only women.
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b. has prescriptive authority in all 50 states.
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c. may administer only drugs used during
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labor and delivery.
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d. may practice only in birthing centers and
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home birth settings.
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ANS: B W

, CNMs have prescriptive authority in all 50 states. They may treat partners of women for
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sexually transmitted diseases. They have full prescriptive authority and are not limited to
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drugs used during childbirth. They practice in many other types of settings.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)
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4. In every state, prescriptive authority for NPs includes the ability to write prescriptions:
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a. for controlled substances.
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b. for specified classifications of
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Wmedications.
c. without physician-mandated involvement.
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d. with full, independent prescriptive authori
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ty.
ANS: B W



All states now have some degree of prescriptive authority granted to NPs, but not all state
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s allow authority to prescribe controlled substances. Many states still require some degree
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of physician involvement with certain types of drugs.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
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5. The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that:
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a. NPs licensed in one state may practice in
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other states. W




b. full prescriptive authority will be granted
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Wto all NPs with doctoral degrees.
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c. NPs will be better prepared to meet emer
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ging health care needs of patients.
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d. requirements for physician supervision of W W W W W



NPs will be removed in all states.
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ANS: C W



The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has recommended transitioning gradu
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ate level NP programs to the doctoral level as a response to changes in health care deliver
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y and emerging health care needs. NPs with doctoral degrees will not necessarily have ful
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l prescriptive authority or be freed from requirements about physician supervision becaus
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e those are subject to individual state laws. NPs will still be required to meet licensure req
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uirements of each state. W W W




DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
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6. An important difference between physician assistants (PAs) and NPs is PAs:
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a. always work under physician supervision.
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b. are not required to follow drug treatment
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