, ANATOMY
PHYSIOLOGY
The Unity of Form and Function
Eighth Edition
KENNETH S. SALADIN
Georgia College
Digital Authors
CHRISTINA A. GAN
Highline Community College
HEATHER N. CUSHMAN
Tacoma Community College
sal77726_FM_i-xx.indd 1 24/11/16 5:18 pm
, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: THE UNITY OF FORM AND FUNCTION, EIGHTH EDITION
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-
Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2015, 2012,
and 2010. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored
in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but
not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the
United States.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 21 20 19 18 17 16
ISBN 978-1-259-27772-6
MHID 1-259-27772-0
Chief Product Officer, SVP Products & Markets: G. Scott Virkler
Vice President, General Manager, Products & Markets: Marty Lange
Vice President, Content Design & Delivery: Betsy Whalen
Managing Director: Lynn Breithaupt
Executive Brand Manager: Amy Reed
Director, Product Development: Rose Koos
Senior Product Developer: Fran Simon
Marketing Manager: Kelly Brown/James Connely
Market Development Manager: Kristine Rellihan
Director of Digital Content: Michael G. Koot, PhD
Digital Product Analyst: John J. Theobald
Director, Content Design & Delivery: Linda Avenarius
Program Manager: Angela R.FitzPatrick
Content Project Managers: Vicki Krug/Christina Nelson
Buyer: Sandy Ludovissy
Design: David Hash
Content Licensing Specialists: Lori Hancock/Lorraine Buczek
Cover Image: ©PeoplesImages.com/DigitalVision/Getty Images; anatomy art overlay: MPS North America LLC
Compositor: MPS Limited
Printer: LSC Communications
All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Saladin, Kenneth S., author. | Gan, Christina A., author. | Cushman,
Heather N., author.
Title: Anatomy & physiology : the unity of form and function / Kenneth S.
Saladin, Georgia College & State University ; digital authors, Christian
A. Gan, Highline Community College, Heather N. Cushman, Tacoma Community
College.
Other titles: Anatomy and physiology
Description: Eighth edition. | New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, [2018]
Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016033675 | ISBN 9781259277726 (alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Human physiology—Textbooks. | Human anatomy—Textbooks.
Classification: LCC QP34.5 .S23 2018 | DDC 612—dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2016033675
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does
not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not
guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.
mheducation.com/highered
sal77726_FM_i-xx.indd 2 24/11/16 5:18 pm
, BRIEF CONTENTS
About the Authors iv
PART FOUR
CIRCULATION AND DEFENSE 669
PART ONE 18 The Circulatory System: Blood 669
ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY 1 19 The Circulatory System: Heart 705
1 Major Themes of Anatomy and 20 The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and
Physiology 1 Circulation 741
ATLAS A General Orientation to Human 21 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems 800
Anatomy 27
2 The Chemistry of Life 41 PART FIVE
3 Cellular Form and Function 75
INTAKE AND OUTPUT 845
4 Genetics and Cellular Function 111
5 Histology 139 22 The Respiratory System 845
23 The Urinary System 886
24 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base
PART TWO Balance 921
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT 175 25 The Digestive System 944
6 The Integumentary System 175 26 Nutrition and Metabolism 991
7 Bone Tissue 201
8 The Skeletal System 228 PART SIX
9 Joints 273 REPRODUCTION AND THE LIFE CYCLE 1025
10 The Muscular System 307
27 The Male Reproductive System 1025
ATLAS B Regional and Surface
Anatomy 373 28 The Female Reproductive System 1055
11 Muscular Tissue 395 29 Human Development and Aging 1093
APPENDIX A: Periodic Table of the Elements A-1
PART THREE APPENDIX B: Answer Keys A-2
INTERNAL COORDINATION AND CONTROL 431 APPENDIX C: Symbols, Weights, and Measures A-15
12 Nervous Tissue 431 APPENDIX D: Biomedical Abbreviations A-18
13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and APPENDIX E: The Genetic Code A-19
Somatic Reflexes 471 APPENDIX F: Lexicon of Biomedical Word Elements A-20
14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves 504 APPENDIX G: Eighth Edition Changes in Terminology A-24
15 The Autonomic Nervous System and
Visceral Reflexes 554 Glossary G-1
16 Sense Organs 575 Index I-1
17 The Endocrine System 626
iii
sal77726_FM_i-xx.indd 3 25/11/16 4:45 PM
PHYSIOLOGY
The Unity of Form and Function
Eighth Edition
KENNETH S. SALADIN
Georgia College
Digital Authors
CHRISTINA A. GAN
Highline Community College
HEATHER N. CUSHMAN
Tacoma Community College
sal77726_FM_i-xx.indd 1 24/11/16 5:18 pm
, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: THE UNITY OF FORM AND FUNCTION, EIGHTH EDITION
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-
Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2015, 2012,
and 2010. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored
in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but
not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the
United States.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 21 20 19 18 17 16
ISBN 978-1-259-27772-6
MHID 1-259-27772-0
Chief Product Officer, SVP Products & Markets: G. Scott Virkler
Vice President, General Manager, Products & Markets: Marty Lange
Vice President, Content Design & Delivery: Betsy Whalen
Managing Director: Lynn Breithaupt
Executive Brand Manager: Amy Reed
Director, Product Development: Rose Koos
Senior Product Developer: Fran Simon
Marketing Manager: Kelly Brown/James Connely
Market Development Manager: Kristine Rellihan
Director of Digital Content: Michael G. Koot, PhD
Digital Product Analyst: John J. Theobald
Director, Content Design & Delivery: Linda Avenarius
Program Manager: Angela R.FitzPatrick
Content Project Managers: Vicki Krug/Christina Nelson
Buyer: Sandy Ludovissy
Design: David Hash
Content Licensing Specialists: Lori Hancock/Lorraine Buczek
Cover Image: ©PeoplesImages.com/DigitalVision/Getty Images; anatomy art overlay: MPS North America LLC
Compositor: MPS Limited
Printer: LSC Communications
All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Saladin, Kenneth S., author. | Gan, Christina A., author. | Cushman,
Heather N., author.
Title: Anatomy & physiology : the unity of form and function / Kenneth S.
Saladin, Georgia College & State University ; digital authors, Christian
A. Gan, Highline Community College, Heather N. Cushman, Tacoma Community
College.
Other titles: Anatomy and physiology
Description: Eighth edition. | New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, [2018]
Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016033675 | ISBN 9781259277726 (alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Human physiology—Textbooks. | Human anatomy—Textbooks.
Classification: LCC QP34.5 .S23 2018 | DDC 612—dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2016033675
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does
not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not
guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.
mheducation.com/highered
sal77726_FM_i-xx.indd 2 24/11/16 5:18 pm
, BRIEF CONTENTS
About the Authors iv
PART FOUR
CIRCULATION AND DEFENSE 669
PART ONE 18 The Circulatory System: Blood 669
ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY 1 19 The Circulatory System: Heart 705
1 Major Themes of Anatomy and 20 The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and
Physiology 1 Circulation 741
ATLAS A General Orientation to Human 21 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems 800
Anatomy 27
2 The Chemistry of Life 41 PART FIVE
3 Cellular Form and Function 75
INTAKE AND OUTPUT 845
4 Genetics and Cellular Function 111
5 Histology 139 22 The Respiratory System 845
23 The Urinary System 886
24 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base
PART TWO Balance 921
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT 175 25 The Digestive System 944
6 The Integumentary System 175 26 Nutrition and Metabolism 991
7 Bone Tissue 201
8 The Skeletal System 228 PART SIX
9 Joints 273 REPRODUCTION AND THE LIFE CYCLE 1025
10 The Muscular System 307
27 The Male Reproductive System 1025
ATLAS B Regional and Surface
Anatomy 373 28 The Female Reproductive System 1055
11 Muscular Tissue 395 29 Human Development and Aging 1093
APPENDIX A: Periodic Table of the Elements A-1
PART THREE APPENDIX B: Answer Keys A-2
INTERNAL COORDINATION AND CONTROL 431 APPENDIX C: Symbols, Weights, and Measures A-15
12 Nervous Tissue 431 APPENDIX D: Biomedical Abbreviations A-18
13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and APPENDIX E: The Genetic Code A-19
Somatic Reflexes 471 APPENDIX F: Lexicon of Biomedical Word Elements A-20
14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves 504 APPENDIX G: Eighth Edition Changes in Terminology A-24
15 The Autonomic Nervous System and
Visceral Reflexes 554 Glossary G-1
16 Sense Organs 575 Index I-1
17 The Endocrine System 626
iii
sal77726_FM_i-xx.indd 3 25/11/16 4:45 PM
