TEXT = Section TEXT = Key Term TEXT = HTS TEXT = Important
Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (c. 1200-1450)
Key Terms: Notes:
Filial Piety- Emphasized the Developments in Song China
necessity and virtue of - The Song Dynasty maintained and justified its rule by emphasizing neo-confucianism and the expansion of the
children obeying and imperial bureaucracy
honoring their parents and
- Confucianism emphasized that human society is hierarchical by nature, and for harmony to be
ancestors
achieve those below needed to defer to those above and those above had to care properly for those
Sufism- A sect of Islam which below
emphasized mystical - Filial Piety
experience - Women were relegated to the subordinate position
- Foot Binding
Neo-Confucianism- A revival - Citizens had to go through the civil service examination in order to get into the government, which
of Confucian thoughts →
helped increase its efficiency by hiring qualified people instead of people from aristocratic
emphasized social harmony
via hierarchy background
- The Song Dynasty’s economy was commercialized, producing more goods than they consumed which would be
Bhakti Movement- traded to other places
Emphasized the devotion to - Porcelain and silk were their main commodities
just one of the Hindu gods in - Innovations that contributed to the growth of the Song Dynasty
the polytheistic religion - Champa Rice (resisted drought and could be harvested multiple times)
- Expansion of the Grand Canal (facilitated trade and communication)
Mit’a System- Required the
labor of all people for a period - Buddhism had spread from India to China
of time each year to work on - Buddhism was centered around the Four Noble Truths of ceasing suffering when we cease craving
state projects like mining or
military service Theravada Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism
Feudalism- A system of Confined Buddhist monks to monasteries instead of Encouraged a broader participation in Buddhist practices
allegiances between powerful spreading Buddhism - China
lords and monarchs, where
- Sri Lanka - Korea
vassals received land from
their lords in exchange for - Myanmar
military service
Developments in Dar al-Islam (House of Islam)
Manorialism- Peasants were
bound to land and worked it in Monotheistic Religions in the Region
exchange for protection from
the lord and his military forces
Judaism Christianity Islam
Centered on the teaching of the Centered on the teachings of Jesus Centered on the teachings of
Torah Christ Muhammad
- The Abbasid Caliphate (Ethnically Arab Muslims) was the dominant Muslim Empire
- Fractured by the Mongols who sacked Baghdad
- After it fractured, new Muslim empires emerged, but were ruled by ethnic Turkish Muslims and not
ethnic Arab Muslims (Change)
- Military administered their states (Continuity)
- Established sharia law (Continuity)
- Seljuk Empire established itself after defeating the Abbasids
- Innovations that came out of the Muslim World from the House of Wisdom in Baghdad
- Trigonometry
- Preserved the great works of Greek philosophers by translating it into Arabic
- Dar al-Islam expanded through military expansion (Seljuks), Muslim merchants, and Muslim missionaries
(sufis)
,TEXT = Section TEXT = Key Term TEXT = HTS TEXT = Important
Developments in South/Southeast Asia
South Asia
Three Dominant Religions in South Asia
Hinduism Buddhism Islam
- Bhakti Movement - Started to wane in India due to - In the form of the Delhi Sultanate in
Hindu and Islamic presence India
- The Delhi Sultanate ruled much of northern India but had difficulty holding on to that rule and imposing a total
Muslim state upon the majority Hindu population
- The Rajput Kingdoms was a Hindu resistance against the Muslim presence, and a collection of rival
kingdoms
- Vijayanagara Empire was another Hindu resistance against the Muslim presence in India
Southeast Asia
- The Majapahit Kingdom was a Buddhist kingdom
- The Malacca Sultanate got its power from taxing the strait of Malacca which was vital for trade
- Khmer Empire was founded as a Hindu kingdom but became a Buddhist kingdom later
- Angkor Wat
Developments in the Americas
- Mesoamerica Civilization
- Aztec Empire (founded by the Mexica people)
- They expanded and administered through an elaborate system of tribute states and made
enslaved people candidates for human sacrifice
- People they conquered were required to provide labor for the Aztecs and regular
contributions of goods
- Maya Civilization
- They were a decentralized collection of city-states that were frequently at war with one
another
- Andean Civilization
- Inca Empire
- Took and borrowed a lot of traditions and practices from older civilizations like the Wari
(CCOT)
- Had a centralized bureaucratic structure
- The Mit’a system
- Mississippian Culture
- Largest civilization in North America with society developed around agriculture and farming
- Dominated by powerful chiefs which ruled each town and extended political power over smaller
satellite settlements
Developments in Africa
- Swahili Civilization
- Politically independent cities organized around commerce
- Merchant elites > Commoners
- Deeply influenced by Muslim traders so they created the new language Swahili
- New language Swahili emerged (hybrid of African Bantu languages and Arabic script)
- Integrated into Islamic world of trade
,TEXT = Section TEXT = Key Term TEXT = HTS TEXT = Important
- Mali, Ghana, Songhai Empire
- Driven by trade which gave them reason to become Muslim to get into the Dar al-Islam circle
- Elite members converted to Islam, majority of the population held on to their indigenous
beliefs and traditions
- Hausa Kingdoms
- Decentralized city-states that spoke a common language and shared a common culture
- Grew powerful through acting as brokers of the Trans-Saharan trade
- Great Zimbabwe
- Grew powerful due to exporting gold but focused on farming and cattle herding
- DIDN’T convert to Islam
- Ethiopia
- Only Christian state in Africa and grew wealthy through trade
- Layers of class hierarchy below the king in a centralized system
Developments in Europe
- Christianity was the dominant religion
- Eastern Orthodox
- Championed by the Byzantine Empire in Eastern Europe (the remains of the Roman Empire)
and then the Kievan Rus
- The Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks when they invaded and renamed
Constantinople to Istanbul
- Roman Catholicism
- Linked the decentralized fractured states of Western Europe
- Church hierarchy provided the church with significant influence over society and culture
- There were no large empires in Europe, rather Europe was decentralized and politically fragmented
- Political order was organized around feudalism
- The economy was organized around manorialism
- Later on, monarchy replaced European nobility, and began to centralize power
- Monarchs would compete with each other, resulting in war and bloodshed to gain more territory and
power
, TEXT = Section TEXT = Key Term TEXT = HTS TEXT = Important
Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (c. 1200-1450)
Key Terms: Notes:
Caravanserai: A series of inns Major Trade Networks
and guesthouses that sprang - All of these trade networks expanded due to innovations in commercial practices and technological
up along the Silk Roads innovations
- Increased connectivity between all these places caused various states to grow wealthy and powerful due to
Money Economy: Using paper
money to facilitate exchange, their participation in these networks
unlike a barter economy The Silk Roads
which uses goods as currency - Luxury goods trading network that stretched across Eurasia
- Chinese silk & porcelain
Credit: Merchants could - The demand for these goods caused peasants to prioritize producing the goods rather than
secure a piece of paper from a sustenance they needed
merchant family in one region
- Innovations that facilitated the expansion of the Silk Roads
then go to another region and
exchange that paper for coins - Caravanserais provided safety along the trade routes, as well as bringing merchants from all different
cultures to spread their culture or technology to one another
Banking Houses: A merchant - Money economies facilitated trade by increasing the ease of travel and the security of transactions
could present a bill of - Allowed merchants to deposit bills in one location and then withdraw that same amount in
exchange and receive the another location (flying money system)
amount of money equal to the - Credit or banking houses also made getting paid a lot easier, increasing trade along the Silk Roads
bill
- Kashgar were new trading cities developed due to the lucrative trade routes and its strategic positioning
Diasporic Communities: A - Became a destination in itself hosting highly profitable markets due to the increasing demand for
settlement of ethnic people in interregional trade, and eventually became a thriving center for Islamic scholarship
a location other than their The Indian Ocean Network
homeland - What made trade along this network possible was an understanding of monsoon winds
- Common goods like textiles and spices was traded along this route
- A ship could hold more cargo than the back of a camel
- Innovations that facilitate the expansion of the Indian Ocean Network
- Magnetic Compass (helped merchants know which direction to sail in)
- Astrolabe (helped merchants figure out their latitude and longitude through the stars)
- New Ship Designs
- The Swahili City-States was a collection of independent city-states along Africa’s east coast that got powerful
through the Indian Ocean Network
- The language Swahili was developed due to the cultural diffusing that came from the connectivity of
the Indian Ocean Network
- Diasporic communities was one of the effect of the expansion of the Indian Ocean Network
- Arab and Persian communities were established in East Africa
Trans-Saharan Trade Network
- Camel saddles helped boost trade in this region because it helped transport bigger loads of cargo across the
desert
- The Empire of Mali was Islamic, which allowed the state to enter the exceedingly prosperous merchant
network Dar al-Islam
- Mali grew rich through the trade of gold, salt, and taxing merchants
- The ruler Mansa Musa embarked on the hajj
- On his pilgrimage he injected so much gold in the economies of the places he went, the value
of all existing gold plummeted
- He could do that because Mali had grown so rich by participating in trade across the
Trans-Saharan Trade Network
Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (c. 1200-1450)
Key Terms: Notes:
Filial Piety- Emphasized the Developments in Song China
necessity and virtue of - The Song Dynasty maintained and justified its rule by emphasizing neo-confucianism and the expansion of the
children obeying and imperial bureaucracy
honoring their parents and
- Confucianism emphasized that human society is hierarchical by nature, and for harmony to be
ancestors
achieve those below needed to defer to those above and those above had to care properly for those
Sufism- A sect of Islam which below
emphasized mystical - Filial Piety
experience - Women were relegated to the subordinate position
- Foot Binding
Neo-Confucianism- A revival - Citizens had to go through the civil service examination in order to get into the government, which
of Confucian thoughts →
helped increase its efficiency by hiring qualified people instead of people from aristocratic
emphasized social harmony
via hierarchy background
- The Song Dynasty’s economy was commercialized, producing more goods than they consumed which would be
Bhakti Movement- traded to other places
Emphasized the devotion to - Porcelain and silk were their main commodities
just one of the Hindu gods in - Innovations that contributed to the growth of the Song Dynasty
the polytheistic religion - Champa Rice (resisted drought and could be harvested multiple times)
- Expansion of the Grand Canal (facilitated trade and communication)
Mit’a System- Required the
labor of all people for a period - Buddhism had spread from India to China
of time each year to work on - Buddhism was centered around the Four Noble Truths of ceasing suffering when we cease craving
state projects like mining or
military service Theravada Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism
Feudalism- A system of Confined Buddhist monks to monasteries instead of Encouraged a broader participation in Buddhist practices
allegiances between powerful spreading Buddhism - China
lords and monarchs, where
- Sri Lanka - Korea
vassals received land from
their lords in exchange for - Myanmar
military service
Developments in Dar al-Islam (House of Islam)
Manorialism- Peasants were
bound to land and worked it in Monotheistic Religions in the Region
exchange for protection from
the lord and his military forces
Judaism Christianity Islam
Centered on the teaching of the Centered on the teachings of Jesus Centered on the teachings of
Torah Christ Muhammad
- The Abbasid Caliphate (Ethnically Arab Muslims) was the dominant Muslim Empire
- Fractured by the Mongols who sacked Baghdad
- After it fractured, new Muslim empires emerged, but were ruled by ethnic Turkish Muslims and not
ethnic Arab Muslims (Change)
- Military administered their states (Continuity)
- Established sharia law (Continuity)
- Seljuk Empire established itself after defeating the Abbasids
- Innovations that came out of the Muslim World from the House of Wisdom in Baghdad
- Trigonometry
- Preserved the great works of Greek philosophers by translating it into Arabic
- Dar al-Islam expanded through military expansion (Seljuks), Muslim merchants, and Muslim missionaries
(sufis)
,TEXT = Section TEXT = Key Term TEXT = HTS TEXT = Important
Developments in South/Southeast Asia
South Asia
Three Dominant Religions in South Asia
Hinduism Buddhism Islam
- Bhakti Movement - Started to wane in India due to - In the form of the Delhi Sultanate in
Hindu and Islamic presence India
- The Delhi Sultanate ruled much of northern India but had difficulty holding on to that rule and imposing a total
Muslim state upon the majority Hindu population
- The Rajput Kingdoms was a Hindu resistance against the Muslim presence, and a collection of rival
kingdoms
- Vijayanagara Empire was another Hindu resistance against the Muslim presence in India
Southeast Asia
- The Majapahit Kingdom was a Buddhist kingdom
- The Malacca Sultanate got its power from taxing the strait of Malacca which was vital for trade
- Khmer Empire was founded as a Hindu kingdom but became a Buddhist kingdom later
- Angkor Wat
Developments in the Americas
- Mesoamerica Civilization
- Aztec Empire (founded by the Mexica people)
- They expanded and administered through an elaborate system of tribute states and made
enslaved people candidates for human sacrifice
- People they conquered were required to provide labor for the Aztecs and regular
contributions of goods
- Maya Civilization
- They were a decentralized collection of city-states that were frequently at war with one
another
- Andean Civilization
- Inca Empire
- Took and borrowed a lot of traditions and practices from older civilizations like the Wari
(CCOT)
- Had a centralized bureaucratic structure
- The Mit’a system
- Mississippian Culture
- Largest civilization in North America with society developed around agriculture and farming
- Dominated by powerful chiefs which ruled each town and extended political power over smaller
satellite settlements
Developments in Africa
- Swahili Civilization
- Politically independent cities organized around commerce
- Merchant elites > Commoners
- Deeply influenced by Muslim traders so they created the new language Swahili
- New language Swahili emerged (hybrid of African Bantu languages and Arabic script)
- Integrated into Islamic world of trade
,TEXT = Section TEXT = Key Term TEXT = HTS TEXT = Important
- Mali, Ghana, Songhai Empire
- Driven by trade which gave them reason to become Muslim to get into the Dar al-Islam circle
- Elite members converted to Islam, majority of the population held on to their indigenous
beliefs and traditions
- Hausa Kingdoms
- Decentralized city-states that spoke a common language and shared a common culture
- Grew powerful through acting as brokers of the Trans-Saharan trade
- Great Zimbabwe
- Grew powerful due to exporting gold but focused on farming and cattle herding
- DIDN’T convert to Islam
- Ethiopia
- Only Christian state in Africa and grew wealthy through trade
- Layers of class hierarchy below the king in a centralized system
Developments in Europe
- Christianity was the dominant religion
- Eastern Orthodox
- Championed by the Byzantine Empire in Eastern Europe (the remains of the Roman Empire)
and then the Kievan Rus
- The Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks when they invaded and renamed
Constantinople to Istanbul
- Roman Catholicism
- Linked the decentralized fractured states of Western Europe
- Church hierarchy provided the church with significant influence over society and culture
- There were no large empires in Europe, rather Europe was decentralized and politically fragmented
- Political order was organized around feudalism
- The economy was organized around manorialism
- Later on, monarchy replaced European nobility, and began to centralize power
- Monarchs would compete with each other, resulting in war and bloodshed to gain more territory and
power
, TEXT = Section TEXT = Key Term TEXT = HTS TEXT = Important
Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (c. 1200-1450)
Key Terms: Notes:
Caravanserai: A series of inns Major Trade Networks
and guesthouses that sprang - All of these trade networks expanded due to innovations in commercial practices and technological
up along the Silk Roads innovations
- Increased connectivity between all these places caused various states to grow wealthy and powerful due to
Money Economy: Using paper
money to facilitate exchange, their participation in these networks
unlike a barter economy The Silk Roads
which uses goods as currency - Luxury goods trading network that stretched across Eurasia
- Chinese silk & porcelain
Credit: Merchants could - The demand for these goods caused peasants to prioritize producing the goods rather than
secure a piece of paper from a sustenance they needed
merchant family in one region
- Innovations that facilitated the expansion of the Silk Roads
then go to another region and
exchange that paper for coins - Caravanserais provided safety along the trade routes, as well as bringing merchants from all different
cultures to spread their culture or technology to one another
Banking Houses: A merchant - Money economies facilitated trade by increasing the ease of travel and the security of transactions
could present a bill of - Allowed merchants to deposit bills in one location and then withdraw that same amount in
exchange and receive the another location (flying money system)
amount of money equal to the - Credit or banking houses also made getting paid a lot easier, increasing trade along the Silk Roads
bill
- Kashgar were new trading cities developed due to the lucrative trade routes and its strategic positioning
Diasporic Communities: A - Became a destination in itself hosting highly profitable markets due to the increasing demand for
settlement of ethnic people in interregional trade, and eventually became a thriving center for Islamic scholarship
a location other than their The Indian Ocean Network
homeland - What made trade along this network possible was an understanding of monsoon winds
- Common goods like textiles and spices was traded along this route
- A ship could hold more cargo than the back of a camel
- Innovations that facilitate the expansion of the Indian Ocean Network
- Magnetic Compass (helped merchants know which direction to sail in)
- Astrolabe (helped merchants figure out their latitude and longitude through the stars)
- New Ship Designs
- The Swahili City-States was a collection of independent city-states along Africa’s east coast that got powerful
through the Indian Ocean Network
- The language Swahili was developed due to the cultural diffusing that came from the connectivity of
the Indian Ocean Network
- Diasporic communities was one of the effect of the expansion of the Indian Ocean Network
- Arab and Persian communities were established in East Africa
Trans-Saharan Trade Network
- Camel saddles helped boost trade in this region because it helped transport bigger loads of cargo across the
desert
- The Empire of Mali was Islamic, which allowed the state to enter the exceedingly prosperous merchant
network Dar al-Islam
- Mali grew rich through the trade of gold, salt, and taxing merchants
- The ruler Mansa Musa embarked on the hajj
- On his pilgrimage he injected so much gold in the economies of the places he went, the value
of all existing gold plummeted
- He could do that because Mali had grown so rich by participating in trade across the
Trans-Saharan Trade Network
