HESI FUNDAMENTALS 2026 SPRING SEMESTER TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
An elderly client with a fractured left hip is on strict bedrest. Which nursing measure is
essential to the client's nursing care?
A. Massage any reddened areas for at least five minutes.
B. Encourage active range of motion exercises on extremities.
C. Position the client laterally, prone, and dorsally in sequence.
D. Gently lift the client when moving into a desired position.
- To avoid shearing forces when repositioning, the client should be lifted gently across a
surface (D). Reddened areas should not be massaged (A) since this may increase the
damage to already traumatized skin. To control pain and muscle spasms, active range of
motion (B) may be limited on the affected leg. The position described in (C) is
contraindicated for a client with a fractured left hip.
Correct Answer: D
A client who is a Jehovah's Witness is admitted to the nursing unit. Which concern should
the nurse have for planning care in terms of the client's beliefs?
A. Autopsy of the body is prohibited.
B. Blood transfusions are forbidden.
C. Alcohol use in any form is not allowed.
D. A vegetarian diet must be followed.
- Blood transfusions are forbidden (B) in the Jehovah's Witness religion. Judaism
prohibits (A). Buddhism forbids the use of(C) and drugs. Many of these sects are vegetarian
(D), but the direct impact on nursing care is (B).
Correct Answer: B
,The nurse observes that a male client has removed the covering from an ice pack applied to
his knee. What action should the nurse take first?
A. Observe the appearance of the skin under the ice pack.
B. Instruct the client regarding the need for the covering.
C. Reapply the covering after filling with fresh ice.
D. Ask the client how long the ice was applied to the skin.
- The first action taken by the nurse should be to assess the skin for any possible
thermal injury (A). If no injury to the skin has occurred, the nurse can take the other actions
(B, C, and D) as needed.
Correct Answer: A
The nurse mixes 50 mg of Nipride in 250 ml of D5W and plans to administer the solution at
a rate of 5 mcg/kg/min to a client weighing 182 pounds. Using a drip factor of 60 gtt/ml, how
many drops per minute should the client receive?
A. 31 gtt/min.
B. 62 gtt/min.
C. 93 gtt/min.
D. 124 gtt/min
- (D) is the correct calculation: Convert lbs to kg: 182/2.2 = 82.73 kg. Determine the
dosage for this client: 5 mcg × 82.73 = 413.65 mcg/min. Determine how many mcg are
contained in 1 ml: 250/50,000 mcg = 200 mcg per ml. The client is to receive 413.65
mcg/min, and there are 200 mcg/ml; so the client is to receive 2.07ml per minute. With a
drip factor of 60 gtt/ml, then 60 × 2.07 = 124.28 gtt/min (D) OR, using dimensional analysis:
gtt/min = 60 gtt/ml X 250 ml/50 mg X 1 mg/1,000 mcg X 5 mcg/kg/min X 1 kg/2.2 lbs X 182
lbs.
Correct Answer: D
, A hospitalized male client is receiving nasogastric tube feedings via a small-bore tube and
a continuous pump infusion. He reports that he had a bad bout of severe coughing a few
minutes ago, but feels fine now. What action is best for the nurse to take?
A. Record the coughing incident. No further action is required at this time. B. Stop the
feeding, explain to the family why it is being stopped, and notify the healthcare provider.
C. After clearing the tube with 30 ml of air, check the pH of fluid withdrawn from the tube.
D. Inject 30 ml of air into the tube while auscultating the epigastrium for gurgling
- Coughing, vomiting, and suctioning can precipitate displacement of the tip of the
small bore feeding tube upward into the esophagus, placing the client at increased risk for
aspiration. Checking the sample of fluid withdrawn from the tube (after clearing the tube
with 30 ml of air) for acidic (stomach) or alkaline (intestine) values is a more sensitive
method for these tubes, and the nurse should assess tube placement in this way prior to
taking any other action (C). (A and B) are not indicated. The auscultating method (D) has
been found to be unreliable for small-bore feeding tubes.
Correct Answer: C
A male client being discharged with a prescription for the bronchodilator theophylline tells
the nurse that he understands he is to take three doses of the medication each day. Since,
at the time of discharge, timed-release capsules are not available, which dosing schedule
should the nurse advise the client to follow?
A. 9 a.m., 1 p.m., and 5 p.m.
B. 8 a.m., 4 p.m., and midnight.
C. Before breakfast, before lunch and before dinner.
D. With breakfast, with lunch, and with dinner
- Theophylline should be administered on a regular around-the-clock schedule (B) to
provide the best bronchodilating effect and reduce the potential for adverse effects. (A, C,
and D) do not provide around-the-clock dosing. Food may alter absorption of the
medication (D). Correct Answer: B
SOLUTIONS
An elderly client with a fractured left hip is on strict bedrest. Which nursing measure is
essential to the client's nursing care?
A. Massage any reddened areas for at least five minutes.
B. Encourage active range of motion exercises on extremities.
C. Position the client laterally, prone, and dorsally in sequence.
D. Gently lift the client when moving into a desired position.
- To avoid shearing forces when repositioning, the client should be lifted gently across a
surface (D). Reddened areas should not be massaged (A) since this may increase the
damage to already traumatized skin. To control pain and muscle spasms, active range of
motion (B) may be limited on the affected leg. The position described in (C) is
contraindicated for a client with a fractured left hip.
Correct Answer: D
A client who is a Jehovah's Witness is admitted to the nursing unit. Which concern should
the nurse have for planning care in terms of the client's beliefs?
A. Autopsy of the body is prohibited.
B. Blood transfusions are forbidden.
C. Alcohol use in any form is not allowed.
D. A vegetarian diet must be followed.
- Blood transfusions are forbidden (B) in the Jehovah's Witness religion. Judaism
prohibits (A). Buddhism forbids the use of(C) and drugs. Many of these sects are vegetarian
(D), but the direct impact on nursing care is (B).
Correct Answer: B
,The nurse observes that a male client has removed the covering from an ice pack applied to
his knee. What action should the nurse take first?
A. Observe the appearance of the skin under the ice pack.
B. Instruct the client regarding the need for the covering.
C. Reapply the covering after filling with fresh ice.
D. Ask the client how long the ice was applied to the skin.
- The first action taken by the nurse should be to assess the skin for any possible
thermal injury (A). If no injury to the skin has occurred, the nurse can take the other actions
(B, C, and D) as needed.
Correct Answer: A
The nurse mixes 50 mg of Nipride in 250 ml of D5W and plans to administer the solution at
a rate of 5 mcg/kg/min to a client weighing 182 pounds. Using a drip factor of 60 gtt/ml, how
many drops per minute should the client receive?
A. 31 gtt/min.
B. 62 gtt/min.
C. 93 gtt/min.
D. 124 gtt/min
- (D) is the correct calculation: Convert lbs to kg: 182/2.2 = 82.73 kg. Determine the
dosage for this client: 5 mcg × 82.73 = 413.65 mcg/min. Determine how many mcg are
contained in 1 ml: 250/50,000 mcg = 200 mcg per ml. The client is to receive 413.65
mcg/min, and there are 200 mcg/ml; so the client is to receive 2.07ml per minute. With a
drip factor of 60 gtt/ml, then 60 × 2.07 = 124.28 gtt/min (D) OR, using dimensional analysis:
gtt/min = 60 gtt/ml X 250 ml/50 mg X 1 mg/1,000 mcg X 5 mcg/kg/min X 1 kg/2.2 lbs X 182
lbs.
Correct Answer: D
, A hospitalized male client is receiving nasogastric tube feedings via a small-bore tube and
a continuous pump infusion. He reports that he had a bad bout of severe coughing a few
minutes ago, but feels fine now. What action is best for the nurse to take?
A. Record the coughing incident. No further action is required at this time. B. Stop the
feeding, explain to the family why it is being stopped, and notify the healthcare provider.
C. After clearing the tube with 30 ml of air, check the pH of fluid withdrawn from the tube.
D. Inject 30 ml of air into the tube while auscultating the epigastrium for gurgling
- Coughing, vomiting, and suctioning can precipitate displacement of the tip of the
small bore feeding tube upward into the esophagus, placing the client at increased risk for
aspiration. Checking the sample of fluid withdrawn from the tube (after clearing the tube
with 30 ml of air) for acidic (stomach) or alkaline (intestine) values is a more sensitive
method for these tubes, and the nurse should assess tube placement in this way prior to
taking any other action (C). (A and B) are not indicated. The auscultating method (D) has
been found to be unreliable for small-bore feeding tubes.
Correct Answer: C
A male client being discharged with a prescription for the bronchodilator theophylline tells
the nurse that he understands he is to take three doses of the medication each day. Since,
at the time of discharge, timed-release capsules are not available, which dosing schedule
should the nurse advise the client to follow?
A. 9 a.m., 1 p.m., and 5 p.m.
B. 8 a.m., 4 p.m., and midnight.
C. Before breakfast, before lunch and before dinner.
D. With breakfast, with lunch, and with dinner
- Theophylline should be administered on a regular around-the-clock schedule (B) to
provide the best bronchodilating effect and reduce the potential for adverse effects. (A, C,
and D) do not provide around-the-clock dosing. Food may alter absorption of the
medication (D). Correct Answer: B
