1
519A: Weeks 1-3 2026 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
Describe nursing assessment before, during, and following
administration of a drug Ans: Before medicating: measure vital
signs, assess whether patient's general condition is
appropriate for med, evaluate knowledge of med, identify
biological factors that will impact drug metabolism
© 2026 Assignment
While administering: mental status, coordination, ability to
Guru01 - Stuvia
swallow for PO, and ability to self administer drug
Expert
After medicating: effectiveness, side effects, signs of adverse
reactions or toxicity
Describe steps for safe administration of medications Ans: 3
Checks (Pull, Prep, Pass):
1. UPON REMOVAL of the medication from the dispensing
system, check its label against the entry on the MAR. Be sure
that the name, route, dose, and time match the MAR
2. DURING PREPARATION—before you pour, mix, or draw up a
medication, check the label against the MAR entry again
3. AT THE BEDSIDE, after preparation, check the medication
again before actually administering it
6 Rights of Medication:
1. right medication
, 2
2. right patient
3. right dose
4. right route
5. right time
6. right documentation
© 2026 Assignment
List five steps to incorporate into your practice to ensure safe
medication administration and prevent a medication error.
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Ans: 1. 6 rights and 3 checks EVERY PATIENT
Expert
2. Standardized protocols for facility
3. Pay attention to name alerts
4. Use scanners/barcodes/automated dispensing units
5. Avoid lack of knowledge or information, research your meds
and think critically!
6. LIMIT DISTRACTION.
Review basic concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance.
Ans: Terms to know:
1. Diffusion = movement of solutes of area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
2. Osmosis = movement of water through membrane from area
of low water concentration to high water concentration (water
follows solutes)
, 3
-osmotic pressure= ability for solution to draw water across
membrane
-high osmolarity/tonicity = high osmotic pressure
3. Filtration= process by which water and solutes cross a
membrane as result of hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure in
vessels)
4. Active transport= use of ATP to run pumps and move
© 2026 Assignment
solutes AGAINST their concentration gradient (ex. Na+/K+
pump)
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2/3 fluid is intracellular
Expert
1/3 fluid is extracellular (interstitial, vascular/plasma,
transcellular)
Fluid Input Ans: 2,700 mL recommended daily women
3,500 recommended daily for men
regulated by thirst mechanism in hypothalamus as detected by
changes in the plasma osmolality
Fluid Output Ans: Daily urine output is about 1,500mL daily
(30mL/hour MINIMUM)
Also lost via skin with perspiration, mouth via respiration, and
100-200mL via feces (these are all considered insensible losses
and they are uncontrollable, not aware of loss generally)
Describe the role of endocrine system in the regulation of fluid
and electrolyte balance Ans: Endocrine:
, 4
-ADH, RAAS system, natriuretic peptides all regulate fluid and
electrolyte balance
-ADH secreted when increased osmolality leading to water
reabsorption
-natriuretic peptide hormones lead to reabsorption of sodium
and increase GFR leads to increased urine output (ANP makes
you Pee)
© 2026 Assignment
-RAAS triggers aldosterone to retain sodium and water to
restore BP/volume
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Describe the role of renal system in the regulation of fluid and
Expert
electrolyte balance Ans: Renal:
-kidneys are primary organ in charge of fluid and electrolyte
balance
-selective reabsorption of solutes, water in glomeruli to keep
homeostasis
Describe the role of respiratory system in the regulation of
fluid and electrolyte balance Ans: Respiratory:
-fluid loss via lungs with vaporization and humidified air being
released on exhalation
-increased water loss if hyperventilating/tachypnea or
mechanical ventilation
Explain the indicators of fluid status Ans: Indicators of fluid
status:
519A: Weeks 1-3 2026 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
Describe nursing assessment before, during, and following
administration of a drug Ans: Before medicating: measure vital
signs, assess whether patient's general condition is
appropriate for med, evaluate knowledge of med, identify
biological factors that will impact drug metabolism
© 2026 Assignment
While administering: mental status, coordination, ability to
Guru01 - Stuvia
swallow for PO, and ability to self administer drug
Expert
After medicating: effectiveness, side effects, signs of adverse
reactions or toxicity
Describe steps for safe administration of medications Ans: 3
Checks (Pull, Prep, Pass):
1. UPON REMOVAL of the medication from the dispensing
system, check its label against the entry on the MAR. Be sure
that the name, route, dose, and time match the MAR
2. DURING PREPARATION—before you pour, mix, or draw up a
medication, check the label against the MAR entry again
3. AT THE BEDSIDE, after preparation, check the medication
again before actually administering it
6 Rights of Medication:
1. right medication
, 2
2. right patient
3. right dose
4. right route
5. right time
6. right documentation
© 2026 Assignment
List five steps to incorporate into your practice to ensure safe
medication administration and prevent a medication error.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Ans: 1. 6 rights and 3 checks EVERY PATIENT
Expert
2. Standardized protocols for facility
3. Pay attention to name alerts
4. Use scanners/barcodes/automated dispensing units
5. Avoid lack of knowledge or information, research your meds
and think critically!
6. LIMIT DISTRACTION.
Review basic concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance.
Ans: Terms to know:
1. Diffusion = movement of solutes of area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
2. Osmosis = movement of water through membrane from area
of low water concentration to high water concentration (water
follows solutes)
, 3
-osmotic pressure= ability for solution to draw water across
membrane
-high osmolarity/tonicity = high osmotic pressure
3. Filtration= process by which water and solutes cross a
membrane as result of hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure in
vessels)
4. Active transport= use of ATP to run pumps and move
© 2026 Assignment
solutes AGAINST their concentration gradient (ex. Na+/K+
pump)
Guru01 - Stuvia
2/3 fluid is intracellular
Expert
1/3 fluid is extracellular (interstitial, vascular/plasma,
transcellular)
Fluid Input Ans: 2,700 mL recommended daily women
3,500 recommended daily for men
regulated by thirst mechanism in hypothalamus as detected by
changes in the plasma osmolality
Fluid Output Ans: Daily urine output is about 1,500mL daily
(30mL/hour MINIMUM)
Also lost via skin with perspiration, mouth via respiration, and
100-200mL via feces (these are all considered insensible losses
and they are uncontrollable, not aware of loss generally)
Describe the role of endocrine system in the regulation of fluid
and electrolyte balance Ans: Endocrine:
, 4
-ADH, RAAS system, natriuretic peptides all regulate fluid and
electrolyte balance
-ADH secreted when increased osmolality leading to water
reabsorption
-natriuretic peptide hormones lead to reabsorption of sodium
and increase GFR leads to increased urine output (ANP makes
you Pee)
© 2026 Assignment
-RAAS triggers aldosterone to retain sodium and water to
restore BP/volume
Guru01 - Stuvia
Describe the role of renal system in the regulation of fluid and
Expert
electrolyte balance Ans: Renal:
-kidneys are primary organ in charge of fluid and electrolyte
balance
-selective reabsorption of solutes, water in glomeruli to keep
homeostasis
Describe the role of respiratory system in the regulation of
fluid and electrolyte balance Ans: Respiratory:
-fluid loss via lungs with vaporization and humidified air being
released on exhalation
-increased water loss if hyperventilating/tachypnea or
mechanical ventilation
Explain the indicators of fluid status Ans: Indicators of fluid
status:
