1
NR 324-exam 1 fluid and electrolytes
and respiratory Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
paO2 Ans: 80-100 mm Hg
pH Ans: 7.35-7.45
© 2026 Assignment
low pH Ans: acidic
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
high pH Ans: alkalosis
pa CO2 Ans: 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3 Ans: 22-26 mEq/L
respiratory acidosis Ans: low pH, high co2, normal bicarbonate
causes of respiratory acidosis Ans: respiratory depression
from anesthesia, overdose, increased intracranial pressure,
airway obstruction from decreased alveolar capillary diffusion
like pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, AND PE
signs/symptoms of respiratory acidosis Ans: hypoventilation
(hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease in BP,
skin/mucous pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia,
dysrhythmias, drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation, muscle
weakness, hyperreflexia
Nursing management of respiratory acidosis Ans: ventilator,
arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic conditions,
, 2
high-dose oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O, promote
the release of CO2, turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-
high fowlers position, clear respiratory secretions, colors of
skin, mucous membranes
respiratory alkalosis Ans: high pH, low co2 and normal
bicarbonate
causes of respiratory alkalosis Ans: high pH, low co2 and
hyperventilation, initial stages of pulmonary emboli, hypoxia,
fever, pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
© 2026 Assignment
signs/symptoms of respiratory alkalosis Ans: seizures,
Guru01 - Stuvia
deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease
Expert
BP, hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities,
lethargy/confusion, light headedness, N/V
nursing management of respiratory alkalosis Ans: kidneys
retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag, sedatives,
monitor respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+
levels/ECG levels, hydration status I/O, check for toxicities
metabolic acidosis Ans: low ph, normal co2 and low
bicarbonate
metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms Ans: compensatory
hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations), headache, decreased
BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin,
N/D/V, changes in LOC,
causes of metabolic acidosis Ans: low ph/low bicarbonate,
diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis, severe diarrhea, and renal
failure
what goes up in acidosis Ans: potassium
, 3
metabolic acidosis nursing management Ans: BUN, creatinine,
hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, monitor hydration,
turn/cough/deep breathe, ABG's, check K, Ca usually goes
down, weights, vitals
metabolic alkalosis Ans: high ph, normal co2, and high hco3
causes of metabolic alkalosis Ans: high ph, high bicarb and
severe vomiting, excessive GI suctioning, diuretics, and
excessive NaHCO3
© 2026 Assignment
metabolic alkalosis signs/symptoms Ans: restlessness
(lethargy), confusion, dizzy, irritable, dysrhythmias,
Guru01 - Stuvia
compensatory hypoventilation, N/V/D, tremors, muscle
Expert
cramps, tingling of fingers and toes, dehydration
metabolic alkalosis nursing management Ans: monitor ECG's,
ABG's for pH, K, Ca levels, LOC checks for tetany, tremors,
muscle cramps, tingling,
what is hyperkalemia frequently associated with Ans:
metabolic acidosis
what is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis
Ans: decreased respiratory rate and depth to retain CO2 and
kidney excretion of bicarbonate
excessive intake causes Ans: rapid oral ingestion of water,
infusions of D5%W hypotonic fluid at excess, massive
replacement of water without NA
decreased output causes Ans: renal failure
NR 324-exam 1 fluid and electrolytes
and respiratory Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
paO2 Ans: 80-100 mm Hg
pH Ans: 7.35-7.45
© 2026 Assignment
low pH Ans: acidic
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
high pH Ans: alkalosis
pa CO2 Ans: 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3 Ans: 22-26 mEq/L
respiratory acidosis Ans: low pH, high co2, normal bicarbonate
causes of respiratory acidosis Ans: respiratory depression
from anesthesia, overdose, increased intracranial pressure,
airway obstruction from decreased alveolar capillary diffusion
like pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, AND PE
signs/symptoms of respiratory acidosis Ans: hypoventilation
(hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease in BP,
skin/mucous pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia,
dysrhythmias, drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation, muscle
weakness, hyperreflexia
Nursing management of respiratory acidosis Ans: ventilator,
arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic conditions,
, 2
high-dose oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O, promote
the release of CO2, turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-
high fowlers position, clear respiratory secretions, colors of
skin, mucous membranes
respiratory alkalosis Ans: high pH, low co2 and normal
bicarbonate
causes of respiratory alkalosis Ans: high pH, low co2 and
hyperventilation, initial stages of pulmonary emboli, hypoxia,
fever, pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
© 2026 Assignment
signs/symptoms of respiratory alkalosis Ans: seizures,
Guru01 - Stuvia
deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease
Expert
BP, hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities,
lethargy/confusion, light headedness, N/V
nursing management of respiratory alkalosis Ans: kidneys
retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag, sedatives,
monitor respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+
levels/ECG levels, hydration status I/O, check for toxicities
metabolic acidosis Ans: low ph, normal co2 and low
bicarbonate
metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms Ans: compensatory
hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations), headache, decreased
BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin,
N/D/V, changes in LOC,
causes of metabolic acidosis Ans: low ph/low bicarbonate,
diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis, severe diarrhea, and renal
failure
what goes up in acidosis Ans: potassium
, 3
metabolic acidosis nursing management Ans: BUN, creatinine,
hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, monitor hydration,
turn/cough/deep breathe, ABG's, check K, Ca usually goes
down, weights, vitals
metabolic alkalosis Ans: high ph, normal co2, and high hco3
causes of metabolic alkalosis Ans: high ph, high bicarb and
severe vomiting, excessive GI suctioning, diuretics, and
excessive NaHCO3
© 2026 Assignment
metabolic alkalosis signs/symptoms Ans: restlessness
(lethargy), confusion, dizzy, irritable, dysrhythmias,
Guru01 - Stuvia
compensatory hypoventilation, N/V/D, tremors, muscle
Expert
cramps, tingling of fingers and toes, dehydration
metabolic alkalosis nursing management Ans: monitor ECG's,
ABG's for pH, K, Ca levels, LOC checks for tetany, tremors,
muscle cramps, tingling,
what is hyperkalemia frequently associated with Ans:
metabolic acidosis
what is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis
Ans: decreased respiratory rate and depth to retain CO2 and
kidney excretion of bicarbonate
excessive intake causes Ans: rapid oral ingestion of water,
infusions of D5%W hypotonic fluid at excess, massive
replacement of water without NA
decreased output causes Ans: renal failure
