1
NR 511 Midterm Exam (Actual Exam)
Questions and Verified Answers
(Chamberlain University) 2026
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
What are common causes of N/V associated with gastritis?
Ans: Alcohol, NSAIDs, ASA, ABX, and illicit substances
© 2026 Assignment
What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting? Ans:
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Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)
Expert
What are some manifestations of AGE? Ans: Nausea, vomiting,
and diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain. May also include fatigue,
malaise, anorexia, tenesmus and borborygmus.
How is the severity of AGE gauged? Ans: Dehydration
secondary to profuse watery diarrhea, fever greater than 101ºF
(38.3ºC), vomiting, or dysentery.
What are important parts of a patient's history when AGE is
suspected? Ans: Travel, dining locations, ABX history..
What happens to the pH of the stomach when antacids are
taken and how does this affect bacteria? Ans: High pH can
make it easier for bacteria to survive and cause and infection.
How does motility of the GI tract affect bacteria colonization?
Ans: Small bowel stasis as a result of obstruction,
diverticulitis, or blind loop syndrome frequently develop an
overgrowth of bacteria within the stagnant segment.
, 2
Which immunoglobulin may protect the GI tract against
invading organisms? Ans: IgA...may also help protect against a
future attack by the same pathogen.
Onset of N/V begin within 6 hours after exposure. Is this
bacterial or viral? Ans: Bacterial: time frame suggests food
poisoning resulting from the ingestion of a preformed toxin
such as that of Bacillus cereus.
What two indications are highly suggestive of viral AGE? Ans:
Incubation periods greater than 14 hours and the initial
© 2026 Assignment
symptom of vomiting.
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If a patient presents with AGE and reports bloody stools, what
Expert
can be understood about the reason for blood in the stool/
Ans: Mucosal damage and inflammatory process secondary to
invasive pathogens.
What do frothy stools and flatus suggest? Ans: Malabsorption
problem.
Patients with prolonged AGE illness who are malnourished may
present with edema. What is the reason? Ans:
Hypoalbuminemia
T or F: Chronic diarrhea usually has a noninfectious etiology.
Ans: True
T or F: Acute diarrhea usually is caused by infectious agents or
toxins Ans: True
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in
adults? Ans: Norovirus
, 3
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in
pediatrics? Ans: Rotavirus. This has been greatly reduced since
the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.
T or F: Stool studies are indicated in the absence of bloody
diarrhea or systemic disease Ans: False
T or F: A CBC will help distinguish between viral and bacterial
AGE Ans: False
© 2026 Assignment
When are stool studies warranted? Ans: Severe or prolonged
diarrhea, a fever > 38.5ºC, bloody stools or stools that test
positive for leukocytes or occult blood.
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Expert
What are common pathogens involved in Traveler's Diarrhea?
Ans: Shigella, Campylobacter, and E. coli.
What should the clinician do if the patient develops diarrhea
after initiation of completion of antibiotic therapy? Ans: Test
for C. diff.
What are some DDx of AGE, particularly in patients with
persistent or chronic diarrhea and severe abdominal pain?
Ans: IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel
obstruction, small bowel diverticulosis.
What are some red flag symptoms that may indicate the need
for hospitalization? Ans: Hypovolemia, dehydration, abnormal
electrolytes, decreased renal function, bloody stool/rectal
bleeding, weight loss, severe abdominal pain, prolonged
symptoms greater than 1 week, pregnancy, advanced age,
history of hospitalization or antibiotic use in the last 3-6
months.
, 4
What is the usual course of treatment for AGE? Ans: Only
supportive treatment is initiated since AGE is usually self-
limiting and resolves within 1 week after onset of symptoms.
How such patients with evidence of dehydration be treated
initially? Ans: Fluid repletion and nutrition. Sports drinks
aren't as effective as specific electrolyte replenishing drinks.
At what point should a patient be referred to the hospital for
dehydration? Ans: Signs of hypovolemia such as hypotension,
tachycardia, pallor, and poor skin turgor.
© 2026 Assignment
T of F: Empiric antimicrobial therapy is recommended for
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patients with severe diarrhea suspected form traveling. Ans:
Expert
True. Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Floxacin.
T or F: Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk
areas is appropriate. Ans: True
How effective is antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to
high-risk areas? Ans: 90% effective
What does antibiotic prophylaxis treatment consist of? Ans:
Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, or Floxacin given once
daily until 2 days after returning home.
What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients <
65 years or age with moderate to severe diarrhea? Ans: Two-
day course of Loperamide (Imodium)
What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients <
65 years or age with significant vomiting? Ans: Two-day
course of Zofran or Phenergan.
What is the best way to prevent AGE? Ans: Hand washing.
NR 511 Midterm Exam (Actual Exam)
Questions and Verified Answers
(Chamberlain University) 2026
Questions and Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+
What are common causes of N/V associated with gastritis?
Ans: Alcohol, NSAIDs, ASA, ABX, and illicit substances
© 2026 Assignment
What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting? Ans:
Guru01 - Stuvia
Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)
Expert
What are some manifestations of AGE? Ans: Nausea, vomiting,
and diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain. May also include fatigue,
malaise, anorexia, tenesmus and borborygmus.
How is the severity of AGE gauged? Ans: Dehydration
secondary to profuse watery diarrhea, fever greater than 101ºF
(38.3ºC), vomiting, or dysentery.
What are important parts of a patient's history when AGE is
suspected? Ans: Travel, dining locations, ABX history..
What happens to the pH of the stomach when antacids are
taken and how does this affect bacteria? Ans: High pH can
make it easier for bacteria to survive and cause and infection.
How does motility of the GI tract affect bacteria colonization?
Ans: Small bowel stasis as a result of obstruction,
diverticulitis, or blind loop syndrome frequently develop an
overgrowth of bacteria within the stagnant segment.
, 2
Which immunoglobulin may protect the GI tract against
invading organisms? Ans: IgA...may also help protect against a
future attack by the same pathogen.
Onset of N/V begin within 6 hours after exposure. Is this
bacterial or viral? Ans: Bacterial: time frame suggests food
poisoning resulting from the ingestion of a preformed toxin
such as that of Bacillus cereus.
What two indications are highly suggestive of viral AGE? Ans:
Incubation periods greater than 14 hours and the initial
© 2026 Assignment
symptom of vomiting.
Guru01 - Stuvia
If a patient presents with AGE and reports bloody stools, what
Expert
can be understood about the reason for blood in the stool/
Ans: Mucosal damage and inflammatory process secondary to
invasive pathogens.
What do frothy stools and flatus suggest? Ans: Malabsorption
problem.
Patients with prolonged AGE illness who are malnourished may
present with edema. What is the reason? Ans:
Hypoalbuminemia
T or F: Chronic diarrhea usually has a noninfectious etiology.
Ans: True
T or F: Acute diarrhea usually is caused by infectious agents or
toxins Ans: True
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in
adults? Ans: Norovirus
, 3
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in
pediatrics? Ans: Rotavirus. This has been greatly reduced since
the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.
T or F: Stool studies are indicated in the absence of bloody
diarrhea or systemic disease Ans: False
T or F: A CBC will help distinguish between viral and bacterial
AGE Ans: False
© 2026 Assignment
When are stool studies warranted? Ans: Severe or prolonged
diarrhea, a fever > 38.5ºC, bloody stools or stools that test
positive for leukocytes or occult blood.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
What are common pathogens involved in Traveler's Diarrhea?
Ans: Shigella, Campylobacter, and E. coli.
What should the clinician do if the patient develops diarrhea
after initiation of completion of antibiotic therapy? Ans: Test
for C. diff.
What are some DDx of AGE, particularly in patients with
persistent or chronic diarrhea and severe abdominal pain?
Ans: IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel
obstruction, small bowel diverticulosis.
What are some red flag symptoms that may indicate the need
for hospitalization? Ans: Hypovolemia, dehydration, abnormal
electrolytes, decreased renal function, bloody stool/rectal
bleeding, weight loss, severe abdominal pain, prolonged
symptoms greater than 1 week, pregnancy, advanced age,
history of hospitalization or antibiotic use in the last 3-6
months.
, 4
What is the usual course of treatment for AGE? Ans: Only
supportive treatment is initiated since AGE is usually self-
limiting and resolves within 1 week after onset of symptoms.
How such patients with evidence of dehydration be treated
initially? Ans: Fluid repletion and nutrition. Sports drinks
aren't as effective as specific electrolyte replenishing drinks.
At what point should a patient be referred to the hospital for
dehydration? Ans: Signs of hypovolemia such as hypotension,
tachycardia, pallor, and poor skin turgor.
© 2026 Assignment
T of F: Empiric antimicrobial therapy is recommended for
Guru01 - Stuvia
patients with severe diarrhea suspected form traveling. Ans:
Expert
True. Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Floxacin.
T or F: Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk
areas is appropriate. Ans: True
How effective is antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to
high-risk areas? Ans: 90% effective
What does antibiotic prophylaxis treatment consist of? Ans:
Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, or Floxacin given once
daily until 2 days after returning home.
What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients <
65 years or age with moderate to severe diarrhea? Ans: Two-
day course of Loperamide (Imodium)
What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients <
65 years or age with significant vomiting? Ans: Two-day
course of Zofran or Phenergan.
What is the best way to prevent AGE? Ans: Hand washing.
